📌 Topic 06 of 6 · Chapter 06 · AI & Robotics
Ethical AI — Bias, Deepfakes & Regulation
AI bias, privacy, deepfakes, EU AI Act, complete revision — UPSC & PSC exams.
⚖️ Ethical Concerns in AI
- AI Bias — systematic errors due to biased training data; facial recognition less accurate for dark-skinned people; hiring algorithms discriminating against women
- Privacy — AI surveillance; facial recognition in public spaces; data collection without consent
- Job Displacement — AI automating jobs in manufacturing, data entry, customer service; estimated 85 million jobs displaced by 2025 (WEF)
- Deepfakes — AI-generated fake videos/audio; political misinformation; fraud; non-consensual intimate images
- Autonomous Weapons — AI-powered weapons without human control (LAWS — Lethal Autonomous Weapons Systems)
- Explainability — AI “black box” — decisions not explainable; critical in healthcare, justice
⚖️ AI Regulation
- EU AI Act (2024) — world’s first comprehensive AI regulation; classifies AI by risk level; bans social scoring, real-time biometric surveillance
- India’s IT Rules 2021 (amended 2023) — platforms must remove deepfakes within 24 hours
- India’s AI governance framework — under development; NITI Aayog leading
- Responsible AI — principles: fairness, transparency, accountability, privacy, safety
✅ Chapter 06 — Complete Revision Checklist
✅ AI = machines performing human-intelligence tasks
✅ ML = AI learning from data; Deep Learning = multi-layer neural networks
✅ NLP = AI understanding language = ChatGPT, Google Translate
✅ SUPACE = Supreme Court AI tool for legal research = 2021
✅ AlphaFold (DeepMind) = AI predicting protein structures = Nobel Prize Chemistry 2024
✅ India AI Mission (2024) = ₹10,372 crore = 10,000+ GPU cluster
✅ NITI Aayog AI Strategy (2018) = “#AIforAll” = 5 focus sectors
✅ Deepfakes = AI-generated fake videos = misinformation risk
✅ AI bias = training data biases reflected in AI decisions
✅ Narrow AI = specific tasks; AGI = human-level = doesn’t exist yet
✅ Precision farming = AI + satellite data + sensors = optimal farming
✅ Bhashini = AI translation = 22 Indian languages = 2022
✅ EU AI Act (2024) = world’s first comprehensive AI regulation
✅ India = 3rd largest AI startup ecosystem in world
✅ AlphaGo = DeepMind = defeated world Go champion (2016)
✅ ML = AI learning from data; Deep Learning = multi-layer neural networks
✅ NLP = AI understanding language = ChatGPT, Google Translate
✅ SUPACE = Supreme Court AI tool for legal research = 2021
✅ AlphaFold (DeepMind) = AI predicting protein structures = Nobel Prize Chemistry 2024
✅ India AI Mission (2024) = ₹10,372 crore = 10,000+ GPU cluster
✅ NITI Aayog AI Strategy (2018) = “#AIforAll” = 5 focus sectors
✅ Deepfakes = AI-generated fake videos = misinformation risk
✅ AI bias = training data biases reflected in AI decisions
✅ Narrow AI = specific tasks; AGI = human-level = doesn’t exist yet
✅ Precision farming = AI + satellite data + sensors = optimal farming
✅ Bhashini = AI translation = 22 Indian languages = 2022
✅ EU AI Act (2024) = world’s first comprehensive AI regulation
✅ India = 3rd largest AI startup ecosystem in world
✅ AlphaGo = DeepMind = defeated world Go champion (2016)