๐ Topic 03 of 6 ยท Chapter 10 ยท Scientific Institutions of India
ICAR & Agricultural Research in India
ICAR, IARI Pusa Institute, Green Revolution, crop varieties โ complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.
๐พ ICAR โ Key Facts
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Full Name | Indian Council of Agricultural Research |
| Founded | 1929 |
| Headquarters | New Delhi (Krishi Bhavan) |
| Under | Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare |
| Institutes | 100+ research institutes; 71 agricultural universities |
| Role | Apex body for agricultural research, education, and extension in India |
๐พ IARI โ Indian Agricultural Research Institute (“Pusa Institute”)
- India’s premier agricultural research institution
- Originally located at Pusa, Bihar (1905) โ shifted to New Delhi after 1934 earthquake
- Hence called “Pusa Institute”
- Developed HYV wheat varieties (Kalyan Sona, Sonalika) โ central to India’s Green Revolution
- Developed Pusa Basmati rice varieties โ famous for aroma and quality
- Developed Pusa Mustard varieties for higher oil yield
- Conducts research in crop improvement, soil science, plant protection, post-harvest technology
๐พ Key ICAR Institutes
| Institute | Location | Specialisation |
|---|---|---|
| IARI (Indian Agricultural Research Institute) | New Delhi | Crop improvement; HYV wheat; Pusa Basmati |
| NBPGR (National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources) | New Delhi | Conservation of plant genetic resources; seed bank |
| CPCRI (Central Plantation Crops Research Institute) | Kasaragod, Kerala | Coconut, arecanut, cocoa, spices research |
| CIARI (Central Island Agricultural Research Institute) | Port Blair, A&N Islands | Island agriculture; tropical crops |
| NRRI (National Rice Research Institute) | Cuttack, Odisha | Rice research; flood-tolerant varieties |
| IIVR (Indian Institute of Vegetable Research) | Varanasi, UP | Vegetable crop improvement |
โญ Key Facts:
โข ICAR = 1929 = New Delhi = apex agricultural research body
โข IARI = “Pusa Institute” = New Delhi = developed HYV wheat for Green Revolution
โข Kalyan Sona + Sonalika = HYV wheat varieties = IARI = Green Revolution
โข Pusa Basmati = IARI = famous aromatic rice variety
โข NBPGR = National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources = seed bank
โข ICAR = 1929 = New Delhi = apex agricultural research body
โข IARI = “Pusa Institute” = New Delhi = developed HYV wheat for Green Revolution
โข Kalyan Sona + Sonalika = HYV wheat varieties = IARI = Green Revolution
โข Pusa Basmati = IARI = famous aromatic rice variety
โข NBPGR = National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources = seed bank