🌡️ Chapter 06 · Environmental Issues · Environment & Ecology
Climate Change & Global Warming
Greenhouse effect, global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, El Niño, La Niña — complete UPSC & PSC notes.
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Sub-Topics
10
Practice MCQs
10
PYQs
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Very High
📌 What You Will Learn in This Chapter
✅ Greenhouse effect — natural vs enhanced
✅ Greenhouse gases — CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CFCs
✅ Global warming — causes, effects, India
✅ Ozone depletion — CFCs, Montreal Protocol
✅ El Niño, La Niña, ENSO
✅ IPCC, Paris Agreement, India’s commitments
🎯 Exam Relevance — This chapter appears in:
UPSC Prelims (3–4 Qs/year)APPSC Group 1 & 2TGPSC Group 1 & 2SSC CGL / CHSLState PSC Exams
📚 Chapter Sub-Topics — Click to Read
Topic 01
Greenhouse Effect & Global Warming
Natural vs enhanced greenhouse effect; GHGs — CO₂, CH₄, N₂O, CFCs, water vapour; GWP.
Topic 02
Effects of Climate Change
Sea level rise, glacial retreat, extreme weather, coral bleaching, species extinction, food security.
Topic 03
Ozone Depletion
Stratospheric ozone; CFCs; ozone hole over Antarctica; Montreal Protocol (1987); healing ozone layer.
Topic 04
El Niño, La Niña & ENSO
El Niño = warming Pacific = weak monsoon; La Niña = cooling = strong monsoon; Indian Ocean Dipole.
Topic 05
IPCC & Climate Science
IPCC — reports, findings; 1.5°C target; tipping points; carbon budget; climate models.
Topic 06
India & Climate Change — Revision
India’s vulnerability; NAPCC; Panchamrit; net zero 2070; India’s climate commitments; complete revision.
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