๐ Topic 01 of 6 ยท Chapter 06 ยท AI & Robotics
AI Fundamentals โ ML, Deep Learning, NLP
Narrow AI, ML, deep learning, neural networks, NLP, computer vision โ complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.
๐ค AI โ Types
| Type | Description | Example | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Narrow AI (ANI) | Designed for specific tasks; cannot generalise | ChatGPT, AlphaGo, Siri, facial recognition | Exists today |
| General AI (AGI) | Human-level intelligence across all domains | โ | Does not exist yet |
| Superintelligence (ASI) | Surpasses human intelligence in all areas | โ | Hypothetical; future concern |
๐ค AI Hierarchy
- Artificial Intelligence (AI) โ broad field; machines performing human-intelligence tasks
- Machine Learning (ML) โ subset of AI; systems learn from data without explicit programming
- Deep Learning โ subset of ML; uses multi-layered artificial neural networks
- Natural Language Processing (NLP) โ AI understanding human language; ChatGPT, Google Translate
- Computer Vision โ AI interpreting visual information; facial recognition, medical imaging
- Reinforcement Learning โ AI learns by trial and error; reward-based; AlphaGo, autonomous vehicles
๐ค Neural Networks
- Inspired by the human brain โ interconnected nodes (neurons)
- Input layer โ Hidden layers โ Output layer
- Deep Learning = many hidden layers = “deep” neural network
- Applications: image recognition, speech recognition, language translation, drug discovery
- Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) โ for image processing
- Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) โ for sequential data (text, speech)
- Transformers โ architecture behind ChatGPT, BERT, GPT-4
๐ Key Exam Points:
โข AI > ML > Deep Learning (hierarchy)
โข Narrow AI = specific tasks = exists today; AGI = human-level = doesn’t exist
โข ChatGPT = OpenAI = Large Language Model (LLM) = NLP = Narrow AI
โข AlphaGo = DeepMind = defeated world Go champion (2016) = Reinforcement Learning
โข Turing Test = Alan Turing (1950) = test for machine intelligence
โข AI > ML > Deep Learning (hierarchy)
โข Narrow AI = specific tasks = exists today; AGI = human-level = doesn’t exist
โข ChatGPT = OpenAI = Large Language Model (LLM) = NLP = Narrow AI
โข AlphaGo = DeepMind = defeated world Go champion (2016) = Reinforcement Learning
โข Turing Test = Alan Turing (1950) = test for machine intelligence