π Topic 06 of 6 Β· Chapter 12 Β· World Political Geography
Disputed Territories & World Political Revision
Kashmir, South China Sea, Taiwan, Palestine β complete revision for UPSC & PSC exams.
π Major Disputed Territories
| Territory | Claimants | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|
| Kashmir | India, Pakistan, China | India controls J&K; Pakistan controls PoK; China controls Aksai Chin; LoC divides India-Pakistan |
| South China Sea | China, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Taiwan | China claims 90% (Nine-Dash Line); rich in oil, gas, fish; strategic shipping lane |
| Taiwan | China, Taiwan | China claims Taiwan as its province; Taiwan functions as independent state; USA supports Taiwan |
| Palestine | Israel, Palestine | West Bank and Gaza Strip; two-state solution proposed; ongoing conflict |
| Crimea | Russia, Ukraine | Russia annexed Crimea in 2014; not recognised by most countries |
| Falkland Islands | UK, Argentina | Falklands War (1982); UK controls; Argentina claims |
| Arunachal Pradesh | India, China | China calls it “South Tibet”; India’s northeastern state; McMahon Line dispute |
β Chapter 12 β Complete Revision Checklist
β
Russia = largest country by area; Vatican City = smallest
β India = most populous country (2023); surpassed China
β Bangladesh = longest land border with India (~4,156 km)
β Strait of Hormuz = most important oil chokepoint = 20% of world’s oil
β Strait of Malacca = busiest shipping lane = 25% of world trade
β Palk Strait = separates India from Sri Lanka
β Durand Line = Pakistan-Afghanistan = 1893
β Radcliffe Line = India-Pakistan/Bangladesh = 1947 = Partition
β McMahon Line = India-China (Arunachal) = 1914 = China disputes
β LoC = India-Pakistan (Kashmir) = Simla Agreement 1972
β 38th Parallel = North Korea-South Korea
β Khyber Pass = Pakistan-Afghanistan = historical invasion route
β Nathu La = Sikkim-Tibet = reopened for trade 2006
β UN = New York = 1945 = 193 members
β SAARC = Kathmandu = 1985 = 8 South Asian nations
β G20 India 2023 = New Delhi = “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”
β WTO = Geneva = 1995 = 164 members
β India joined SCO = 2017 (Astana Summit)
β India = most populous country (2023); surpassed China
β Bangladesh = longest land border with India (~4,156 km)
β Strait of Hormuz = most important oil chokepoint = 20% of world’s oil
β Strait of Malacca = busiest shipping lane = 25% of world trade
β Palk Strait = separates India from Sri Lanka
β Durand Line = Pakistan-Afghanistan = 1893
β Radcliffe Line = India-Pakistan/Bangladesh = 1947 = Partition
β McMahon Line = India-China (Arunachal) = 1914 = China disputes
β LoC = India-Pakistan (Kashmir) = Simla Agreement 1972
β 38th Parallel = North Korea-South Korea
β Khyber Pass = Pakistan-Afghanistan = historical invasion route
β Nathu La = Sikkim-Tibet = reopened for trade 2006
β UN = New York = 1945 = 193 members
β SAARC = Kathmandu = 1985 = 8 South Asian nations
β G20 India 2023 = New Delhi = “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”
β WTO = Geneva = 1995 = 164 members
β India joined SCO = 2017 (Astana Summit)