๐ Topic 06 of 6 ยท Chapter 12 ยท World Political Geography
Disputed Territories & World Political Revision
Kashmir, South China Sea, Taiwan, Palestine โ complete revision for UPSC & PSC exams.
๐ Major Disputed Territories
| Territory | Claimants | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|
| Kashmir | India, Pakistan, China | India controls J&K; Pakistan controls PoK; China controls Aksai Chin; LoC divides India-Pakistan |
| South China Sea | China, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Brunei, Taiwan | China claims 90% (Nine-Dash Line); rich in oil, gas, fish; strategic shipping lane |
| Taiwan | China, Taiwan | China claims Taiwan as its province; Taiwan functions as independent state; USA supports Taiwan |
| Palestine | Israel, Palestine | West Bank and Gaza Strip; two-state solution proposed; ongoing conflict |
| Crimea | Russia, Ukraine | Russia annexed Crimea in 2014; not recognised by most countries |
| Falkland Islands | UK, Argentina | Falklands War (1982); UK controls; Argentina claims |
| Arunachal Pradesh | India, China | China calls it “South Tibet”; India’s northeastern state; McMahon Line dispute |
โ Chapter 12 โ Complete Revision Checklist
โ
Russia = largest country by area; Vatican City = smallest
โ India = most populous country (2023); surpassed China
โ Bangladesh = longest land border with India (~4,156 km)
โ Strait of Hormuz = most important oil chokepoint = 20% of world’s oil
โ Strait of Malacca = busiest shipping lane = 25% of world trade
โ Palk Strait = separates India from Sri Lanka
โ Durand Line = Pakistan-Afghanistan = 1893
โ Radcliffe Line = India-Pakistan/Bangladesh = 1947 = Partition
โ McMahon Line = India-China (Arunachal) = 1914 = China disputes
โ LoC = India-Pakistan (Kashmir) = Simla Agreement 1972
โ 38th Parallel = North Korea-South Korea
โ Khyber Pass = Pakistan-Afghanistan = historical invasion route
โ Nathu La = Sikkim-Tibet = reopened for trade 2006
โ UN = New York = 1945 = 193 members
โ SAARC = Kathmandu = 1985 = 8 South Asian nations
โ G20 India 2023 = New Delhi = “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”
โ WTO = Geneva = 1995 = 164 members
โ India joined SCO = 2017 (Astana Summit)
โ India = most populous country (2023); surpassed China
โ Bangladesh = longest land border with India (~4,156 km)
โ Strait of Hormuz = most important oil chokepoint = 20% of world’s oil
โ Strait of Malacca = busiest shipping lane = 25% of world trade
โ Palk Strait = separates India from Sri Lanka
โ Durand Line = Pakistan-Afghanistan = 1893
โ Radcliffe Line = India-Pakistan/Bangladesh = 1947 = Partition
โ McMahon Line = India-China (Arunachal) = 1914 = China disputes
โ LoC = India-Pakistan (Kashmir) = Simla Agreement 1972
โ 38th Parallel = North Korea-South Korea
โ Khyber Pass = Pakistan-Afghanistan = historical invasion route
โ Nathu La = Sikkim-Tibet = reopened for trade 2006
โ UN = New York = 1945 = 193 members
โ SAARC = Kathmandu = 1985 = 8 South Asian nations
โ G20 India 2023 = New Delhi = “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam”
โ WTO = Geneva = 1995 = 164 members
โ India joined SCO = 2017 (Astana Summit)