⚡ Topic 06 of 6 · Chapter 01 · Quick Revision
India Physiography — Quick Revision
Key facts, comparison tables, important data points — complete chapter revision checklist.
📊 Key Data Points — India
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Total Area | 3.28 million sq km (7th largest in world) |
| Latitudinal Extent | 8°4’N to 37°6’N |
| Longitudinal Extent | 68°7’E to 97°25’E |
| Standard Meridian | 82°30’E (IST = UTC+5:30); passes through Mirzapur, UP |
| Tropic of Cancer | 23°30’N; passes through 8 states |
| Coastline | ~7,516 km (mainland + islands); mainland ~6,100 km |
| Land Boundary | ~15,200 km; 7 neighbouring countries |
| Highest Peak (India) | K2 (8,611m) — Karakoram; highest entirely in India = Nanda Devi (7,816m) |
| Highest Peak (South India) | Anamudi (2,695m) — Western Ghats, Kerala |
| Longest Land Border | Bangladesh (~4,156 km) |
| Southernmost Point | Indira Point, Great Nicobar Island |
✅ Complete Chapter 01 Revision Checklist
✅ India’s latitude: 8°4’N to 37°6’N; longitude: 68°7’E to 97°25’E
✅ Standard Meridian: 82°30’E; IST = UTC+5:30; passes through Mirzapur (UP)
✅ Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) passes through 8 states
✅ India’s area: 3.28 million sq km; 7th largest country
✅ Longest land border: Bangladesh (~4,156 km)
✅ Himalayas = fold mountains = youngest mountains in India
✅ K2 (8,611m) = highest peak in India = Karakoram range = Ladakh
✅ Nanda Devi (7,816m) = highest peak entirely within India = Uttarakhand
✅ Anamudi (2,695m) = highest peak in South India = Western Ghats = Kerala
✅ Nathu La = Sikkim = India-China trade route
✅ Northern Plains = alluvial deposits = 1,000-2,000m deep
✅ Bhabar = rivers disappear; Terai = rivers reappear; Bhangar = old alluvium; Khadar = new alluvium
✅ Khadar = most fertile = renewed by annual floods
✅ Aravalli = oldest fold mountains in India
✅ Chhota Nagpur Plateau = mineral wealth = coal, iron ore, mica
✅ Deccan Trap = volcanic lava = black soil = Maharashtra
✅ Western Ghats = continuous = UNESCO WHS = Anamudi = source of major rivers
✅ Eastern Ghats = discontinuous = cut by rivers
✅ Palakkad Gap = only major break in Western Ghats = Kerala
✅ Western Coastal Plain = narrow = estuaries = backwaters (Kayals)
✅ Eastern Coastal Plain = wider = deltas = Chilika Lake (largest coastal lagoon)
✅ Barren Island = only active volcano in India = Andaman & Nicobar
✅ Indira Point = southernmost point of India = Great Nicobar Island
✅ Lakshadweep = coral islands = Arabian Sea = smallest UT of India
✅ Standard Meridian: 82°30’E; IST = UTC+5:30; passes through Mirzapur (UP)
✅ Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) passes through 8 states
✅ India’s area: 3.28 million sq km; 7th largest country
✅ Longest land border: Bangladesh (~4,156 km)
✅ Himalayas = fold mountains = youngest mountains in India
✅ K2 (8,611m) = highest peak in India = Karakoram range = Ladakh
✅ Nanda Devi (7,816m) = highest peak entirely within India = Uttarakhand
✅ Anamudi (2,695m) = highest peak in South India = Western Ghats = Kerala
✅ Nathu La = Sikkim = India-China trade route
✅ Northern Plains = alluvial deposits = 1,000-2,000m deep
✅ Bhabar = rivers disappear; Terai = rivers reappear; Bhangar = old alluvium; Khadar = new alluvium
✅ Khadar = most fertile = renewed by annual floods
✅ Aravalli = oldest fold mountains in India
✅ Chhota Nagpur Plateau = mineral wealth = coal, iron ore, mica
✅ Deccan Trap = volcanic lava = black soil = Maharashtra
✅ Western Ghats = continuous = UNESCO WHS = Anamudi = source of major rivers
✅ Eastern Ghats = discontinuous = cut by rivers
✅ Palakkad Gap = only major break in Western Ghats = Kerala
✅ Western Coastal Plain = narrow = estuaries = backwaters (Kayals)
✅ Eastern Coastal Plain = wider = deltas = Chilika Lake (largest coastal lagoon)
✅ Barren Island = only active volcano in India = Andaman & Nicobar
✅ Indira Point = southernmost point of India = Great Nicobar Island
✅ Lakshadweep = coral islands = Arabian Sea = smallest UT of India