📌 Topic 06 of 6 · Chapter 09 · Transport, Communication & Trade
India’s Trade — Exports, Imports & WTO
Exports, imports, trade balance, WTO, trading partners — complete revision for UPSC & PSC exams.
🌐 India’s Foreign Trade
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Top Exports | Petroleum products, gems & jewellery, pharmaceuticals, engineering goods, textiles, chemicals |
| Top Imports | Crude oil, gold, electronic goods, machinery, chemicals, coal |
| Top Export Partners | USA, UAE, China, Bangladesh, Netherlands |
| Top Import Partners | China, UAE, USA, Saudi Arabia, Russia |
| Trade Balance | India has a trade deficit (imports > exports) |
| Total Exports | ~$450 billion annually |
🌐 WTO & India
- WTO = World Trade Organization = HQ: Geneva, Switzerland
- India = founding member of WTO (January 1, 1995)
- WTO replaced GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
- WTO has 164 member countries
- India advocates for developing countries’ interests in WTO
✅ Chapter 09 — Complete Revision Checklist
✅ India = 2nd largest road network in world (~63 lakh km)
✅ NH-44 = longest NH = 3,745 km = Srinagar to Kanyakumari
✅ Golden Quadrilateral = 5,846 km = Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata
✅ Indian Railways = 4th largest network; 18 zones; HQ = New Delhi
✅ South Central Railway HQ = Secunderabad
✅ Konkan Railway = 760 km = Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka
✅ JNPT = largest container port (Maharashtra)
✅ Mundra = largest by cargo volume (Gujarat, Adani)
✅ Visakhapatnam = deepest landlocked port
✅ Kolkata = oldest port; Chennai = oldest artificial port
✅ UDAN = 2016 = regional air connectivity = ₹2,500 cap
✅ India = 2nd largest telecom network in world
✅ BharatNet = optical fibre to all gram panchayats
✅ India = trade deficit; top export = petroleum products
✅ WTO = Geneva = 1995 = India founding member
✅ NH-44 = longest NH = 3,745 km = Srinagar to Kanyakumari
✅ Golden Quadrilateral = 5,846 km = Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata
✅ Indian Railways = 4th largest network; 18 zones; HQ = New Delhi
✅ South Central Railway HQ = Secunderabad
✅ Konkan Railway = 760 km = Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka
✅ JNPT = largest container port (Maharashtra)
✅ Mundra = largest by cargo volume (Gujarat, Adani)
✅ Visakhapatnam = deepest landlocked port
✅ Kolkata = oldest port; Chennai = oldest artificial port
✅ UDAN = 2016 = regional air connectivity = ₹2,500 cap
✅ India = 2nd largest telecom network in world
✅ BharatNet = optical fibre to all gram panchayats
✅ India = trade deficit; top export = petroleum products
✅ WTO = Geneva = 1995 = India founding member