⚡ Topic 06 of 6 · Chapter 04 · Quick Revision
IIP, SEZs & Quick Revision
Index of Industrial Production, Special Economic Zones, industrial corridors, and complete chapter revision.
📊 Index of Industrial Production (IIP)
The Index of Industrial Production (IIP) measures the growth rate of industrial production in India.
- Released by: National Statistical Office (NSO), Ministry of Statistics
- Base year: 2011-12
- Released monthly with a 6-week lag
- Covers three sectors: Mining (14.4%), Manufacturing (77.6%), Electricity (7.9%)
- Also classified by use: Capital goods, Consumer durables, Consumer non-durables, Infrastructure/Construction goods, Intermediate goods, Primary goods
⭐ IIP vs GDP: IIP measures industrial production only. GDP measures the entire economy. IIP is a leading indicator — it gives early signals about economic growth before GDP data is available.
🏭 Special Economic Zones (SEZs)
SEZs are designated areas with special economic regulations to attract investment and promote exports.
- SEZ Act enacted: 2005
- SEZs offer: Tax exemptions, simplified regulations, world-class infrastructure
- India’s first SEZ: Kandla (Gujarat) — established 1965 as Export Processing Zone
- Largest SEZ: Mundra SEZ (Gujarat)
- SEZs must export 100% of production (or meet Net Foreign Exchange criteria)
✅ Complete Chapter 04 Revision Checklist
✅ IPR 1948: First industrial policy; 4 categories
✅ IPR 1956: “Economic Constitution of India”; 17 industries for state monopoly
✅ New Industrial Policy: July 24, 1991 — dismantled Licence Raj
✅ Currently only 2 industries reserved for public sector: Atomic energy + Railways
✅ MSME definition revised June 2020: Micro (≤₹1cr investment, ≤₹5cr turnover)
✅ MSMEs contribute ~30% of GDP, employ ~110 million, contribute ~45% of exports
✅ MUDRA loans: up to ₹10 lakh (Shishu, Kishore, Tarun)
✅ Make in India: September 25, 2014; target 25% manufacturing in GDP
✅ Startup India: January 16, 2016; India = 3rd largest startup ecosystem
✅ Atmanirbhar Bharat: May 12, 2020; ₹20 lakh crore package
✅ PLI scheme: 14 sectors; incentives for manufacturing
✅ Maharatna: Can invest up to ₹5,000 crore without approval
✅ Air India privatised: January 2022; sold to Tata Sons
✅ India = 2nd largest road network; 4th largest railway network
✅ Golden Quadrilateral: 5,846 km (Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata)
✅ IIP base year: 2011-12; released by NSO monthly
✅ SEZ Act: 2005; India’s first SEZ: Kandla (1965)
✅ IPR 1956: “Economic Constitution of India”; 17 industries for state monopoly
✅ New Industrial Policy: July 24, 1991 — dismantled Licence Raj
✅ Currently only 2 industries reserved for public sector: Atomic energy + Railways
✅ MSME definition revised June 2020: Micro (≤₹1cr investment, ≤₹5cr turnover)
✅ MSMEs contribute ~30% of GDP, employ ~110 million, contribute ~45% of exports
✅ MUDRA loans: up to ₹10 lakh (Shishu, Kishore, Tarun)
✅ Make in India: September 25, 2014; target 25% manufacturing in GDP
✅ Startup India: January 16, 2016; India = 3rd largest startup ecosystem
✅ Atmanirbhar Bharat: May 12, 2020; ₹20 lakh crore package
✅ PLI scheme: 14 sectors; incentives for manufacturing
✅ Maharatna: Can invest up to ₹5,000 crore without approval
✅ Air India privatised: January 2022; sold to Tata Sons
✅ India = 2nd largest road network; 4th largest railway network
✅ Golden Quadrilateral: 5,846 km (Delhi-Mumbai-Chennai-Kolkata)
✅ IIP base year: 2011-12; released by NSO monthly
✅ SEZ Act: 2005; India’s first SEZ: Kandla (1965)