โก Topic 06 of 6 ยท Chapter 10 ยท Quick Revision
Mughal Art, Culture & Quick Revision
Mughal painting school, Persian influence, music, literature, Baburnama, Akbarnama โ complete revision.
๐จ Mughal Painting
- Mughal painting = blend of Persian miniature painting and Indian artistic tradition
- Introduced by Humayun โ brought Persian painters Mir Sayyid Ali and Abdus Samad from Persia
- Flourished under Akbar โ Hamzanama (14 volumes, 1400 paintings)
- Reached peak under Jahangir โ realistic portraits; nature paintings
- Famous painters: Ustad Mansur (nature), Bichitr, Abul Hasan (Jahangir’s court)
- Declined under Aurangzeb โ banned music and painting
๐ Mughal Literature
| Work | Author | Language | Content |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baburnama | Babur | Chagatai Turkish | Babur’s autobiography; first Islamic autobiography |
| Humayunnama | Gulbadan Begum (Humayun’s sister) | Persian | Biography of Humayun |
| Akbarnama | Abul Fazl | Persian | Biography of Akbar (3 volumes) |
| Ain-i-Akbari | Abul Fazl | Persian | Administrative manual of Akbar’s empire |
| Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri | Jahangir | Persian | Jahangir’s memoirs |
| Padshahnama | Abdul Hamid Lahori | Persian | History of Shah Jahan’s reign |
| Muntakhab-ut-Tawarikh | Badauni | Persian | Critical account of Akbar’s reign |
โ Complete Chapter 10 Revision Checklist
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First Battle of Panipat: April 21, 1526; Babur vs Ibrahim Lodi; gunpowder used
โ Battle of Khanwa: 1527; Babur vs Rana Sanga; Rajput resistance defeated
โ Baburnama: Chagatai Turkish; first Islamic autobiography
โ Sher Shah Suri: Grand Trunk Road; Rupee currency; efficient administration
โ Second Battle of Panipat: 1556; Akbar vs Hemu; Bairam Khan as regent
โ Akbar: Greatest Mughal; 1556โ1605; Mansabdari system; Sulh-i-Kul; Din-i-Ilahi
โ Mansabdari: Zat (personal rank) + Sawar (cavalry rank)
โ Todar Mal: Zabt system; Dahsala (10-year average); cash payment
โ Akbar abolished Jizya: 1564 CE
โ Din-i-Ilahi: ~18 followers; Birbal = only Hindu
โ Fatehpur Sikri: Akbar’s capital; Buland Darwaza (Gujarat victory, 1576); UNESCO WHS
โ Abul Fazl: Akbarnama + Ain-i-Akbari; Navratna
โ Tansen: Greatest Mughal musician; Navratna
โ Nur Jahan: 20 farmans in her name; Itimad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb (“Baby Taj”)
โ Taj Mahal: 1632โ1653; for Mumtaz Mahal; Ustad Ahmad Lahauri; UNESCO WHS
โ Red Fort: Delhi; 1638โ1648; UNESCO WHS
โ Jama Masjid: Delhi; largest mosque in India
โ Aurangzeb: Reimposed Jizya (1679); Deccan campaigns (27 years); Maratha resistance
โ Shivaji: Escaped Agra (1666); crowned Chhatrapati (1674)
โ Nadir Shah’s invasion: 1739; Peacock Throne + Koh-i-Noor looted
โ Mughal painting peak: Jahangir’s reign; Ustad Mansur; realistic portraits
โ Battle of Khanwa: 1527; Babur vs Rana Sanga; Rajput resistance defeated
โ Baburnama: Chagatai Turkish; first Islamic autobiography
โ Sher Shah Suri: Grand Trunk Road; Rupee currency; efficient administration
โ Second Battle of Panipat: 1556; Akbar vs Hemu; Bairam Khan as regent
โ Akbar: Greatest Mughal; 1556โ1605; Mansabdari system; Sulh-i-Kul; Din-i-Ilahi
โ Mansabdari: Zat (personal rank) + Sawar (cavalry rank)
โ Todar Mal: Zabt system; Dahsala (10-year average); cash payment
โ Akbar abolished Jizya: 1564 CE
โ Din-i-Ilahi: ~18 followers; Birbal = only Hindu
โ Fatehpur Sikri: Akbar’s capital; Buland Darwaza (Gujarat victory, 1576); UNESCO WHS
โ Abul Fazl: Akbarnama + Ain-i-Akbari; Navratna
โ Tansen: Greatest Mughal musician; Navratna
โ Nur Jahan: 20 farmans in her name; Itimad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb (“Baby Taj”)
โ Taj Mahal: 1632โ1653; for Mumtaz Mahal; Ustad Ahmad Lahauri; UNESCO WHS
โ Red Fort: Delhi; 1638โ1648; UNESCO WHS
โ Jama Masjid: Delhi; largest mosque in India
โ Aurangzeb: Reimposed Jizya (1679); Deccan campaigns (27 years); Maratha resistance
โ Shivaji: Escaped Agra (1666); crowned Chhatrapati (1674)
โ Nadir Shah’s invasion: 1739; Peacock Throne + Koh-i-Noor looted
โ Mughal painting peak: Jahangir’s reign; Ustad Mansur; realistic portraits