📡 Telecom Sector

• India = 2nd largest telecom network in world (~1.2 billion subscribers)
• DoT (Department of Telecommunications) — regulates telecom
• TRAI (Telecom Regulatory Authority of India) — independent regulator
• Major telecom companies: Jio, Airtel, Vi (Vodafone-Idea), BSNL
• India launched 5G services in October 2022

💻 Digital India & BharatNet

• Digital India — launched 2015 — e-governance, digital literacy, broadband connectivity
• BharatNet — optical fibre broadband to all 2.5 lakh gram panchayats
• Common Service Centres (CSCs) — digital service delivery in rural areas
• UPI (Unified Payments Interface) — India’s digital payment revolution
• India = largest digital payments market in world

🛰️ ISRO & Satellite Communication

• ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) — HQ: Bengaluru
• INSAT series — communication satellites; weather forecasting; TV broadcasting
• IRS series — remote sensing satellites; land use, agriculture, disaster management
• Chandrayaan-3 (2023) — India = 4th country to land on Moon; 1st near south pole
• Mangalyaan (2014) — Mars Orbiter Mission — India = first Asian country to reach Mars
• SSLV, PSLV, GSLV — launch vehicles