๐ Topic 04 of 6 ยท Chapter 12 ยท World Political Geography
Important Passes of the World & India
Khyber Pass, Nathu La, Zoji La, Shipki La, Rohtang Pass โ complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.
๐๏ธ Important Passes of India
| Pass | Location | Connects | Altitude & Key Facts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zoji La | J&K โ Ladakh | Srinagar โ Leh (NH-1) | 3,528m; closed in winter; Zoji La Tunnel under construction |
| Banihal Pass | J&K | Jammu โ Srinagar | 2,832m; Jawahar Tunnel below it |
| Rohtang Pass | Himachal Pradesh | Manali โ Lahaul-Spiti | 3,978m; Atal Tunnel (2020) built below it |
| Shipki La | Himachal Pradesh โ Tibet | India โ China | Sutlej river enters India through this pass |
| Nathu La | Sikkim โ Tibet | India โ China | 4,310m; reopened for trade in 2006; Kailash Mansarovar route |
| Jelep La | Sikkim โ Tibet | India โ China | 4,270m; near Nathu La |
| Bomdi La | Arunachal Pradesh | India โ China | 2,217m; 1962 war route |
| Lipulekh Pass | Uttarakhand โ Tibet | India โ China | Kailash Mansarovar Yatra route |
๐๏ธ Important World Passes
| Pass | Location | Connects | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Khyber Pass | Pakistan โ Afghanistan | Peshawar โ Kabul | Most famous pass; historical invasion route into India; 53 km long |
| Bolan Pass | Pakistan (Balochistan) | Quetta โ Sibi | Alternative route to Khyber; connects Pakistan to Afghanistan |
| Brenner Pass | Austria โ Italy | Innsbruck โ Bolzano | Lowest pass in Eastern Alps; major road and rail route |
| St. Bernard Pass | Switzerland โ Italy | Alps crossing | Napoleon crossed Alps through here in 1800 |
โญ Key Facts โ Passes:
โข Khyber Pass = Pakistan-Afghanistan = historical invasion route into India
โข Nathu La = Sikkim-Tibet = reopened for trade in 2006
โข Zoji La = J&K-Ladakh = connects Srinagar to Leh
โข Shipki La = HP-Tibet = Sutlej river enters India here
โข Rohtang Pass = HP = Atal Tunnel (2020) built below it
โข Khyber Pass = Pakistan-Afghanistan = historical invasion route into India
โข Nathu La = Sikkim-Tibet = reopened for trade in 2006
โข Zoji La = J&K-Ladakh = connects Srinagar to Leh
โข Shipki La = HP-Tibet = Sutlej river enters India here
โข Rohtang Pass = HP = Atal Tunnel (2020) built below it