📰 Today's Current AffairsRead Now →
📷 Follow on Instagram

Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering






🧬 Chapter 04 · Key Technology Sectors · General Science

Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering

GM crops, stem cells, CRISPR, vaccines, India’s biotech policy, biodiversity patents. Complete UPSC & PSC notes.

📅 UPSC Prelims📋 APPSC Group 1 & 2📋 TGPSC Group 1 & 2⏱️ ~45 min read🎯 High Weightage
6
Sub-Topics
10
Practice MCQs
10
PYQs
⭐⭐⭐
High Weightage

📌 What You Will Learn in This Chapter

✅ Biotechnology basics — DNA, genes, cloning
✅ GM crops — Bt cotton, Golden Rice
✅ CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology
✅ Stem cells — types and applications
✅ Vaccines — types, COVID-19 vaccines
✅ India’s biotech policy, biodiversity patents

🎯 Exam Relevance — This chapter appears in:

UPSC Prelims (2–3 Qs/year)APPSC Group 1 & 2TGPSC Group 1 & 2SSC CGL / CHSLState PSC Exams

📚 Chapter Sub-Topics — Click to Read
Topic 01
Biotechnology Basics
DNA structure, genes, recombinant DNA technology, PCR, gel electrophoresis, cloning.

Read Now →

Topic 02
GM Crops & Agricultural Biotech
Bt cotton (India’s only approved GM crop); Golden Rice; GM mustard controversy; GEAC approval.

Read Now →

Topic 03
CRISPR-Cas9 Gene Editing
How CRISPR works; applications in medicine, agriculture; ethical concerns; Nobel Prize 2020.

Read Now →

Topic 04
Stem Cells & Cloning
Embryonic vs adult stem cells; iPSCs; therapeutic cloning; Dolly the sheep; India’s stem cell policy.

Read Now →

Topic 05
Vaccines & COVID-19
Types of vaccines; Covaxin, Covishield, mRNA vaccines; India’s vaccine programme; GAVI.

Read Now →

Topic 06
Biotech Policy & Revision
India’s National Biotechnology Development Strategy; biodiversity patents; biopiracy; CBD; complete revision.

Read Now →

⚡ Quick Access