⚓ Chapter 12 · Modern India · Indian History
Advent of Europeans & British Expansion
Portuguese, Dutch, French, British — trading companies; Battles of Plassey & Buxar; Subsidiary Alliance; Doctrine of Lapse. Complete UPSC & PSC notes.
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Sub-Topics
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Practice MCQs
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PYQs
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Very High
📌 What You Will Learn in This Chapter
✅ Vasco da Gama (1498) — Portuguese, Dutch, Danish, French, British
✅ East India Company (1600) — Surat, Madras, Bombay, Calcutta
✅ Battle of Plassey (1757) — Siraj-ud-Daulah vs Clive
✅ Battle of Buxar (1764) — British supremacy established
✅ Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance & Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse
✅ Four Anglo-Mysore Wars — Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan
📚 Chapter Sub-Topics — Click to Read
Topic 01
European Trading Companies in India
Portuguese (Vasco da Gama 1498), Dutch, Danish, French, British — establishment of trading posts, rivalry.
Topic 02
Rise of British Power — Early Phase
East India Company (1600), Surat factory, Madras, Bombay, Calcutta — expansion of British trade.
Topic 03
Battle of Plassey (1757) & Buxar (1764)
Battle of Plassey (1757) — Siraj-ud-Daulah vs Clive. Battle of Buxar (1764) — significance for British supremacy.
Topic 04
Subsidiary Alliance & Doctrine of Lapse
Wellesley’s Subsidiary Alliance, Dalhousie’s Doctrine of Lapse — how British annexed Indian states.
Topic 05
Anglo-Mysore & Anglo-Maratha Wars
Four Anglo-Mysore Wars (Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan), three Anglo-Maratha Wars — British consolidation.
Topic 06
British Expansion — Quick Revision
Timeline of British expansion, key battles, policies, complete chapter revision checklist.
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