๐ Topic 05 of 6 ยท Chapter 12 ยท Advent of Europeans & British Expansion
Anglo-Mysore & Anglo-Maratha Wars
Four Anglo-Mysore Wars (Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan), three Anglo-Maratha Wars โ British consolidation of India.
โ๏ธ Anglo-Mysore Wars (1767โ1799)
| War | Period | Key Events | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | 1767โ1769 | Hyder Ali vs British; Hyder Ali advanced to Madras | Treaty of Madras (1769); British humiliated; Hyder Ali won |
| Second | 1780โ1784 | Hyder Ali died (1782); Tipu Sultan continued; Tipu captured Colonel Baillie | Treaty of Mangalore (1784); Tipu won; British returned all conquests |
| Third | 1790โ1792 | Cornwallis led British; Tipu’s sons taken as hostages | Treaty of Seringapatam (1792); Tipu ceded half his territory; paid Rs. 3.3 crore |
| Fourth | 1799 | Wellesley attacked Seringapatam; Tipu Sultan killed (May 4, 1799) | Tipu killed; Mysore given to Wodeyar dynasty; British dominant in South India |
โญ Tipu Sultan โ “Tiger of Mysore”: Tipu Sultan was one of the most formidable opponents of British expansion. He introduced rocket artillery in warfare, sought alliances with France and Afghanistan against the British, and died fighting at Seringapatam on May 4, 1799. He is celebrated as a hero of Indian resistance against British colonialism.
โ๏ธ Anglo-Maratha Wars (1775โ1818)
| War | Period | Key Events | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | 1775โ1782 | British supported Raghunathrao (Raghoba) for Peshwaship | Treaty of Salbai (1782); status quo restored; British gained Salsette island |
| Second | 1803โ1805 | Wellesley; Treaty of Bassein (1802) โ Peshwa signed Subsidiary Alliance | British defeated Scindia and Bhonsle; gained Delhi, Agra, Orissa |
| Third | 1817โ1818 | Hastings; Peshwa Baji Rao II rebelled; Battle of Kirkee | Peshwaship abolished; Baji Rao II pensioned off; British supremacy established |
โ๏ธ Anglo-Sikh Wars (1845โ1849)
- First Anglo-Sikh War (1845โ46): British defeated Sikhs; Treaty of Lahore (1846) โ Sikhs ceded territory
- Second Anglo-Sikh War (1848โ49): British defeated Sikhs; Punjab annexed; Koh-i-Noor diamond taken
- Punjab was the last major Indian territory to be annexed by the British
๐ Exam Tip:
โข Tipu Sultan = “Tiger of Mysore” = died at Seringapatam = May 4, 1799
โข Fourth Anglo-Mysore War = 1799 = Wellesley = Tipu killed
โข Treaty of Bassein (1802) = Peshwa signed Subsidiary Alliance = Second Anglo-Maratha War
โข Peshwaship abolished = 1818 = Third Anglo-Maratha War = British supremacy
โข Punjab annexed = 1849 = Second Anglo-Sikh War = last major annexation
โข Tipu Sultan = “Tiger of Mysore” = died at Seringapatam = May 4, 1799
โข Fourth Anglo-Mysore War = 1799 = Wellesley = Tipu killed
โข Treaty of Bassein (1802) = Peshwa signed Subsidiary Alliance = Second Anglo-Maratha War
โข Peshwaship abolished = 1818 = Third Anglo-Maratha War = British supremacy
โข Punjab annexed = 1849 = Second Anglo-Sikh War = last major annexation