⚡ Topic 05 of 5 · Chapter 06 · Quick Revision
New DPSPs Added by Amendments & Quick Revision
DPSPs added by 42nd, 44th, 86th Amendments, comparison with FR, and complete key facts revision.
📋 DPSPs Added by Constitutional Amendments
| Amendment | Year | DPSP Added |
|---|---|---|
| 42nd Amendment | 1976 | Article 39A (free legal aid), Article 43A (workers’ participation), Article 48A (protection of environment) |
| 44th Amendment | 1978 | Article 38(2) — minimise inequalities in income, status, facilities, and opportunities |
| 86th Amendment | 2002 | Article 45 amended — early childhood care and education for children up to 6 years |
| 97th Amendment | 2011 | Article 43B — promotion of cooperative societies |
📊 All DPSPs — Quick Reference Table
| Article | DPSP | Type |
|---|---|---|
| 38 | Welfare state; minimise inequalities | Socialistic |
| 39 | Equal pay, right to livelihood, no concentration of wealth | Socialistic |
| 39A | Free legal aid | Socialistic (42nd Amend.) |
| 40 | Village panchayats | Gandhian |
| 41 | Right to work, education, public assistance | Socialistic |
| 42 | Maternity relief, humane conditions of work | Socialistic |
| 43 | Living wage; cottage industries | Socialistic + Gandhian |
| 43A | Workers’ participation in management | Socialistic (42nd Amend.) |
| 43B | Cooperative societies | Gandhian (97th Amend.) |
| 44 | Uniform Civil Code | Liberal-Intellectual |
| 45 | Early childhood care (up to 6 years) | Liberal-Intellectual |
| 46 | Education of SC/ST and weaker sections | Gandhian |
| 47 | Nutrition; prohibition of intoxicating drinks | Gandhian + Socialistic |
| 48 | Agriculture; prohibition of cow slaughter | Gandhian |
| 48A | Protection of environment | Liberal-Intellectual (42nd Amend.) |
| 49 | Protection of monuments | Liberal-Intellectual |
| 50 | Separation of judiciary from executive | Liberal-Intellectual |
| 51 | International peace and security | Liberal-Intellectual |
✅ Complete Chapter Revision Checklist
✅ DPSPs in Part IV (Articles 36–51) — borrowed from Irish Constitution
✅ DPSPs are non-justiciable but fundamental in governance (Article 37)
✅ Three types: Socialistic, Gandhian, Liberal-Intellectual
✅ Article 39(d) — Equal pay for equal work
✅ Article 39A — Free legal aid (42nd Amendment, 1976)
✅ Article 40 — Village panchayats (implemented by 73rd Amendment, 1992)
✅ Article 43A — Workers’ participation (42nd Amendment, 1976)
✅ Article 44 — Uniform Civil Code (most controversial)
✅ Article 48A — Protection of environment (42nd Amendment, 1976)
✅ Article 50 — Separation of judiciary from executive
✅ Champakam Dorairajan (1951) — FR prevail over DPSP
✅ Golaknath (1967) — Parliament cannot amend FR
✅ Kesavananda Bharati (1973) — Basic Structure Doctrine
✅ Minerva Mills (1980) — Harmony between FR and DPSP is basic structure
✅ FR = negative obligations; DPSP = positive obligations
✅ FR = justiciable; DPSP = non-justiciable
✅ DPSPs are non-justiciable but fundamental in governance (Article 37)
✅ Three types: Socialistic, Gandhian, Liberal-Intellectual
✅ Article 39(d) — Equal pay for equal work
✅ Article 39A — Free legal aid (42nd Amendment, 1976)
✅ Article 40 — Village panchayats (implemented by 73rd Amendment, 1992)
✅ Article 43A — Workers’ participation (42nd Amendment, 1976)
✅ Article 44 — Uniform Civil Code (most controversial)
✅ Article 48A — Protection of environment (42nd Amendment, 1976)
✅ Article 50 — Separation of judiciary from executive
✅ Champakam Dorairajan (1951) — FR prevail over DPSP
✅ Golaknath (1967) — Parliament cannot amend FR
✅ Kesavananda Bharati (1973) — Basic Structure Doctrine
✅ Minerva Mills (1980) — Harmony between FR and DPSP is basic structure
✅ FR = negative obligations; DPSP = positive obligations
✅ FR = justiciable; DPSP = non-justiciable