🐯 Chapter 03 · Ecology Fundamentals · Environment & Ecology

Protected Areas & Wildlife Conservation

National Parks, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Ramsar sites, Tiger Reserves — complete UPSC & PSC notes.

📅 UPSC Prelims📋 APPSC Group 1 & 2📋 TGPSC Group 1 & 2⏱️ ~45 min read🎯 Very High Weightage

Sub-Topics

Practice MCQs

PYQs

⭐⭐⭐

Very High

✅ National Parks — definition, key parks

✅ Wildlife Sanctuaries — differences from NPs

✅ Biosphere Reserves — UNESCO MAB

✅ Ramsar sites — wetland conservation

✅ Tiger Reserves — Project Tiger

✅ Wildlife Protection Act 1972 — schedules

UPSC Prelims (3–4 Qs/year)APPSC Group 1 & 2TGPSC Group 1 & 2SSC CGL / CHSLState PSC Exams

📚 Chapter Sub-Topics — Click to Read

Topic 01

National Parks & Wildlife Sanctuaries

Differences; key national parks — Jim Corbett, Kaziranga, Gir, Sundarbans, Ranthambore.

Topic 02

Biosphere Reserves

UNESCO MAB Programme; India’s 18 biosphere reserves; 12 UNESCO-recognised; core-buffer-transition zones.

Topic 03

Ramsar Sites & Wetlands

Ramsar Convention (1971); India’s 75 Ramsar sites; Chilika Lake, Keoladeo, Loktak Lake.

Topic 04

Tiger Reserves & Project Tiger

Project Tiger (1973); 54 tiger reserves; Jim Corbett = first; India = 75% of world’s tigers.

Topic 05

Wildlife Protection Act 1972

Schedules I-VI; protected species; penalties; amendments; CITES implementation in India.

Topic 06

Conservation Projects & Revision

Project Elephant, Project Crocodile, Project Snow Leopard; cheetah reintroduction; complete revision.

⚡ Quick Access