🤝 Chapter 10 · Indian Economy · Development & Reforms

Poverty, Unemployment & Human Development

Poverty line, BPL schemes, MGNREGA, HDI, multidimensional poverty, Gini coefficient — complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.

📅 UPSC Prelims📋 APPSC Group 1 & 2📋 TGPSC Group 1 & 2⏱️ ~55 min read🎯 Very High Weightage

Sub-Topics

Practice MCQs

PYQs

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Very High

✅ Poverty line — absolute vs relative

✅ Tendulkar Committee, Rangarajan Committee

✅ Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

✅ Types of unemployment

✅ MGNREGA — features and impact

✅ HDI — India’s rank and components

✅ Gini coefficient and inequality

✅ Government schemes — PMAY, PMJAY

UPSC Prelims (2–3 Qs/year)APPSC Group 1 & 2TGPSC Group 1 & 2SSC CGL / CHSLState PSC Exams

📚 Chapter Sub-Topics — Click to Read

Topic 01

Poverty — Definition, Measurement & Poverty Line

Absolute vs relative poverty, Tendulkar Committee, Rangarajan Committee, BPL, and India’s poverty estimates.

Topic 02

Multidimensional Poverty & Inequality

MPI (UNDP), dimensions of poverty, Gini coefficient, Lorenz curve, and India’s inequality challenge.

Topic 03

Unemployment — Types & Measurement

Structural, frictional, cyclical, seasonal, disguised unemployment — types, causes, and India’s unemployment challenge.

Topic 04

MGNREGA — Features, Impact & Criticism

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act — 100 days guarantee, wages, social audit, and impact.

Topic 05

Human Development Index & India’s Rank

HDI components, India’s rank (~132), comparison with neighbours, and what India needs to improve HDI.

Topic 06

Government Schemes & Quick Revision

PMAY, PMJAY (Ayushman Bharat), NSAP, Antyodaya Anna Yojana, and complete chapter revision.

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