๐ Topic 04 of 6 ยท Chapter 06 ยท Agriculture in India
Green Revolution in India
HYV seeds, impact on production, White Revolution, Blue Revolution โ complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.
๐พ Green Revolution
- Period: Mid-1960s (1966โ67 onwards)
- Father of Green Revolution (World): Norman Borlaug (Nobel Peace Prize 1970)
- Father of Green Revolution (India): M.S. Swaminathan
- Key elements: HYV (High Yielding Variety) seeds + chemical fertilizers + irrigation + pesticides
- Main crops benefited: Wheat (most) and rice
- States benefited most: Punjab, Haryana, western UP
- India became self-sufficient in food grains by 1970s
๐พ Impact of Green Revolution
| Positive Impact | Negative Impact |
|---|---|
| Food grain production increased 3x | Regional inequality โ only Punjab, Haryana, WU benefited |
| India became food self-sufficient | Crop diversity reduced โ only wheat and rice focused |
| Farmers’ income increased | Soil degradation due to excessive fertilizers |
| Reduced food imports | Groundwater depletion due to over-irrigation |
| Employment in agriculture increased | Rich farmers benefited more than small farmers |
๐พ Other Agricultural Revolutions
| Revolution | Related to | Key Person / Programme |
|---|---|---|
| White Revolution (Operation Flood) | Milk / Dairy | Dr. Verghese Kurien; NDDB; Amul; India = largest milk producer |
| Blue Revolution | Fish / Fisheries | India = 3rd largest fish producer; Andhra Pradesh = largest state |
| Yellow Revolution | Oilseeds | Groundnut, mustard, sunflower; India = 2nd largest oilseed producer |
| Pink Revolution | Meat / Poultry / Onion | India = largest onion exporter |
| Golden Revolution | Fruits / Honey / Horticulture | India = 2nd largest fruit producer |
| Silver Revolution | Eggs / Poultry | India = 3rd largest egg producer |
| Grey Revolution | Fertilizers | Increased fertilizer production |
| Evergreen Revolution | Sustainable agriculture | M.S. Swaminathan’s concept โ productivity without ecological damage |
โญ Key Facts:
โข Father of Green Revolution (India) = M.S. Swaminathan
โข White Revolution = Operation Flood = Dr. Verghese Kurien = “Milkman of India”
โข Amul = Anand Milk Union Limited = Gujarat = cooperative model
โข India = largest milk producer in world (White Revolution success)
โข Father of Green Revolution (India) = M.S. Swaminathan
โข White Revolution = Operation Flood = Dr. Verghese Kurien = “Milkman of India”
โข Amul = Anand Milk Union Limited = Gujarat = cooperative model
โข India = largest milk producer in world (White Revolution success)