Schedules of Indian Constitution-Practice Questions for UPSC and PSC exams

Original Constitution had 8 Schedules. Four more added by amendments: 9th (1951), 10th (1985), 11th (1992), 12th (1992). Currently 12 Schedules.

After amendments, Constitution has 12 Schedules. No schedule has been repealed, though content amended.

First Schedule lists States (28) and Union Territories (8) with territorial extent. Amended frequently for reorganization (e.g., J&K bifurcation 2019, Ladakh).

Second Schedule contains provisions on emoluments of constitutional functionaries: President, Governors, Speaker, Judges of SC/HC, CAG, etc. Parliament can revise by law.

Third Schedule prescribes oaths for Ministers, MPs, MLAs, Judges, CAG. Affirmation to bear true faith to Constitution and uphold sovereignty.

Fourth Schedule allocates Rajya Sabha seats among states based on population. Total seats 245 (233 elected + 12 nominated). Amended after state reorganization.

Fifth Schedule provides for administration and control of Scheduled Areas and STs in states except Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram (covered by Sixth). Includes Tribes Advisory Council, Governor’s powers.

Sixth Schedule provides autonomous district councils for tribal areas in four NE states, with legislative, judicial, executive powers to preserve tribal culture.

Seventh Schedule contains three lists dividing legislative powers: Union List (97 subjects originally, now 100), State List (66 originally, now 61), Concurrent List (47 originally, now 52).

Eighth Schedule lists 22 official languages recognized by Constitution. Originally 14, additions via amendments (Sindhi 1967, Konkani/Manipuri/Nepali 1992, Bodo/Dogri/Maithili/Santhali 2003).

First Constitutional Amendment 1951 added Ninth Schedule to protect land reform laws from judicial review under Article 31B.

Article 31B validates laws in Ninth Schedule even if violate Fundamental Rights. Originally for land reforms, later misused. In I.R. Coelho (2007), SC held laws inserted after 24 April 1973 open to review if violate basic structure.

52nd Amendment 1985 introduced anti-defection law. Tenth Schedule provides disqualification of MPs/MLAs for defection.

Para 2: defection grounds. Exceptions: merger with 2/3rd members. Decision by Speaker/Chairman, subject to judicial review (Kihoto Hollohan).

73rd Amendment 1992 added Eleventh Schedule, listing 29 subjects for Panchayati Raj institutions (agriculture, irrigation, poverty alleviation, etc.).

74th Amendment 1992 added Twelfth Schedule, listing 18 subjects for Municipalities (urban planning, water supply, sanitation, etc.).

Eleventh and Twelfth both added in 1992; Twelfth is technically last in order. No new schedule since.

Originally 97, now 100 after amendments (some deleted, some added). Includes defence, foreign affairs, currency, etc.

Originally 66, now 61 after 42nd Amendment transferred 5 subjects to Concurrent List (education, forests, etc.).

Originally 47, now 52 after additions. Both Parliament and states can legislate, Union prevails in conflict.

42nd Amendment transferred education, forests, weights & measures, etc., to Concurrent List to enable central legislation.

Defence (Entry 1 Union List). Public health, police, agriculture are State subjects.

Police (Entry 2 State List). Railways, currency, atomic energy are Union.

Criminal law, criminal procedure, marriage, contracts are Concurrent.

Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act 2014 bifurcated state, amended First and Fourth Schedules.

J&K bifurcated into UTs of J&K and Ladakh, amended First Schedule (territories) and Fourth (Rajya Sabha seats reduced).

Second Schedule Part D provides salaries, allowances, later revised by Parliament Acts.

Third Schedule contains form of oath for President, Ministers, MPs, Judges.

Fourth Schedule lists 3 seats for NCT Delhi, 1 for Puducherry.

Scheduled Areas declared in 10 states: AP, Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, HP, Jharkhand, MP, Maharashtra, Odisha, Rajasthan, Telangana.

ADCs in Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Mizoram have powers to make laws on land, forest, inheritance, etc.

Ninth Schedule immunizes laws from Article 13 challenge, initially for zamindari abolition.

Supreme Court limited immunity, upholding basic structure doctrine.

Para 5: Speaker/Chairman exempt when holding office, to maintain impartiality.

91st Amendment 2003 removed split (1/3) exemption, retained merger with 2/3rd.

29 subjects devolved to Panchayats under Article 243G.

18 subjects for municipalities under Article 243W.

Sindhi added 1967, Konkani/Manipuri/Nepali 1992, Bodo/Dogri/Maithili/Santhali 2003.

92nd Amendment added Bodo, Dogri, Maithili, Santhali.

English is not listed; though official for some purposes, not in Eighth Schedule.

Part A: President and Governors salaries, allowances.

Provides salaries of SC and HC judges.

Two oaths: office and secrecy.

Reduced Rajya Sabha seats after J&K became UT.

TAC advises Governor on ST welfare, chaired by CM or Minister.

Para 5: Governor can make regulations, repeal/modify central/state laws in Scheduled Areas.

Limited legislative powers, subject to Governor assent.

Being part of Constitution, requires constitutional amendment, often with state ratification if affects federal distribution.

Originally 13 laws, expanded to over 280, many land reforms, now subject to Coelho review.

Kihoto Hollohan upheld judicial review on limited grounds.