2026 current affairs Archives | Page 7 of 21

FOURTH SURVEY VESSEL (LARGE) ‘SANSHODHAK’ DELIVERED TO INDIAN NAVY AT GRSE KOLKATA

Why in News:

The Indian Navy has completed its Survey Vessel (Large) (SVL) Project with the induction of INS Sanshodhak, the fourth and final ship in the series

What is INS Sanshodhak?

INS Sanshodhak is a Survey Vessel (Large)
It is the fourth and final ship under the SVL project
Designed for:
- Hydrographic surveys
- Mapping sea floors
- Supporting navigation safety

Survey Vessel (Large) Project

The SVL Project consists of four ships:

INS Sandhayak
INS Nirdeshak
INS Ikshak
INS Sanshodhak (final vessel)

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INS Malwan: Indigenous ASW Craft Boosts Navy

Why in News?

The Indian Navy has received ‘Malwan’, the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC), built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL). This induction significantly enhances India’s coastal security and underwater surveillance capabilities.

What is ASW SWC ‘Malwan’?

Malwan is an indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft
Designed for:
- Detecting and neutralizing enemy submarines
- Operations in shallow coastal waters (littoral zones)

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YUVIKA: ISRO’s Young Scientist Programme Explained

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Why in News?

The Government of India is actively promoting scientific awareness among students through initiatives like Yuva Vigyani Karyakram (YUVIKA). Highlighted by the Union Minister of State for Science & Technology, the programme plays a crucial role in inspiring school students to pursue careers in space science and STEM fields.

What is YUVIKA?

Yuva Vigyani Karyakram (YUVIKA), also known as the Young Scientist Programme, is an educational initiative launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Key Purpose

To provide early exposure to space science and technology
To encourage students to take up careers in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics)

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Antariksh Venture Capital Fund (AVCF): India’s First Spacetech Fund

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Why in News?

India has launched the Antariksh Venture Capital Fund (AVCF) to strengthen its growing spacetech ecosystem. This is the country’s first dedicated venture capital fund for the space sector, aimed at supporting startups

What is Antariksh Venture Capital Fund (AVCF)?

The Antariksh Venture Capital Fund (AVCF) is a specialized investment fund created to provide:

Risk capital to spacetech startups
Support for early-stage and growth-stage companies
Funding for innovation in space technology and applications

Key Features of AVCF

1. Total Corpus

Target fund size: ₹1,600 crore
Initial committed amount: ₹1,005 crore (as of November 2025)

2. Anchor Investor

Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe)
- Committed ₹1,000 crore
- Acts as the primary institutional supporter

3. Fund Management

Managed by SIDBI Venture Capital Limited (SVCL)
SVCL is a subsidiary of:
- Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

Institutional Background

IN-SPACe

A regulatory and promotional body under the Department of Space
Facilitates private sector participation in space activities

SIDBI

Apex financial institution for MSME financing
Supports entrepreneurship and innovation

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E20 Petrol with RON 95 Made Mandatory Across India

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Why in News?

From April 1, 2026, the Government of India has implemented a major fuel reform by mandating the nationwide sale of E20 petrol (20% ethanol-blended fuel) with a minimum Research Octane Number (RON) of 95.

What is E20 Petrol?

E20 petrol is a blended fuel consisting of:

80% conventional petrol
20% ethanol (biofuel)

Key Features

Ethanol Source:
- Derived from agricultural products like:
  - Sugarcane
  - Maize (corn)
  - Other food grains
Renewable Fuel:
- Ethanol is a renewable and eco-friendly energy source
Nationwide Implementation:
- Applicable across all States and Union Territories from April 2026

What is Research Octane Number (RON 95)?

Definition:
- RON measures a fuel’s ability to resist engine knocking (premature combustion)
RON 95 Explained:
- Indicates higher fuel stability
- Performs better under high pressure and temperature
Previous Standard:
- Earlier petrol standard was RON 91

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Mission MITRA: Preparing Gaganyatris for Space

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Why in News?

India has launched Mission MITRA to evaluate astronaut-designates (Gaganyatris) for India’s first human spaceflight programme, Gaganyaan. The mission focuses on testing physical, psychological, and teamwork capabilities in extreme high-altitude conditions.

What is Mission MITRA?

Full Form: Mapping of Interoperable Traits and Response Assessment (MITRA)
Conducted by: ISRO
Purpose: To assess astronauts’ ability to function effectively under extreme conditions

Key Features

Four astronaut-designates involved:
- Shubhanshu Shukla
- Prashanth Balakrishnan Nair
- Ajit Krishnan
- Angad Pratap
Testing Location: High-altitude regions of Ladakh

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INS Aridhaman: India’s 3rd Nuclear Submarine

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Why in News?

India has achieved another milestone in its strategic defence capability with the commissioning of INS Aridhaman, its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN).

INS Aridhaman:

INS Aridhaman (S4) is India’s third indigenously developed SSBN.
It is part of the Arihant-class submarines.
Developed under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project.
Represents a major advancement in indigenous defence technology.

What is India’s SSBN Programme?

India’s SSBN Programme is a highly classified, indigenous project aimed at constructing nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to establish a credible, sea-based second-strike capability.

SSBN stands for ship submersible ballistic nuclear or nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines.

Current Status of India’s SSBN Fleet (as of April 2026):

INS Arihant (S2): Commissioned in 2016.
INS Arighaat (S3): Commissioned in August 2024.
INS Aridhaman (S4): Commissioned in April 2026.
S4 (likely INS Arisudan):* Currently undergoing sea trials, expected commissioning in 2027

https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indias-new-nuclear-powered-submarine-ins-aridhaman-commissioned/article70819744.ece

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INS Taragiri Commissioned: Boost to India’s Naval Power

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Why in News?

The INS Taragiri (F41) is the newest stealth guided-missile frigate of the Indian Navy, commissioned at the Naval Dockyard in Visakhapatnam

INS Taragiri – Key Highlights

INS Taragiri (F41) is the fourth ship under the Project 17A (Nilgiri-class).
It is a stealth guided-missile frigate designed for advanced naval warfare.
Built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai.
Commissioned at the Eastern Naval Command, Visakhapatnam.

What is Project 17A?

Project 17A (P17A) involves the construction of seven advanced Nilgiri-class stealth guided-missile frigates for the Indian Navy, designed for improved stealth, survivability, and combat capability. Built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE),

Project 17A Vessels:

INS Nilgiri: First of class.
INS Himgiri: Built by GRSE.
INS Udaygiri: Built by MDL.
INS Taragiri: Commissioned April 2026.
INS Dunagiri: Delivered to the Indian Navy.
INS Vindhyagiri: Launched by GRSE.
Mahendragiri: Seventh frigate

https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2248799&reg=3&lang=1

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Governor Must Follow Cabinet Advice on Remission: Madras HC

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Why in News?

In a significant constitutional ruling, the Madras High Court clarified that the Governor cannot act independently in matters of remission and must follow the advice of the Council of Ministers under Article 161.

Article 161:

Article 161 of the Constitution of India defines the pardoning power of the Governor, enabling them to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, or remissions of punishment.

Article 161 of the Constitution empowers the Governor to: