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2026 current affairs

INCOIS Wins Disaster Management Award 2025

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, Environment and Ecology Current Affairs /

Why Did INCOIS Win the Disaster Management Award 2025?

Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS) has been honoured with the prestigious Subhas Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar (SCBAPP) 2025. This award recognizes its exceptional role in disaster management, especially in providing early warning systems for ocean-related hazards.

Key Highlights at a Glance

  • Award: Subhas Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar (SCBAPP) 2025
  • Recipient: INCOIS (Institutional Category)
  • Announced on: January 23, 2025 (Birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose)
  • Ministry: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
  • Category: Institutional Award for outstanding disaster management

About INCOIS

  • Full Form: Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services
  • Established under: Ministry of Earth Sciences (MoES)
  • Headquarters: Hyderabad
  • Nature: Autonomous organization

Key Functions:

INCOIS provides life-saving early warning services for tsunamis, storm surges, and high waves. It serves fishermen, coastal communities, and disaster management agencies with real-time ocean information. Its ocean state forecast system and potential fishing zone advisories have made it a critical institution for marine safety and disaster risk reduction across the Indian coastline.

About Subhas Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar (SCBAPP)

The SCBAPP is a national award instituted by the Government of India to honor individuals and organizations for outstanding contributions to disaster management in India.

Key Features:

  • Announced on: January 23 every year
  • Occasion: Birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose
  • Categories: Individual and Institutional
  • Cash Prize (Institutional): โ‚น51 lakh
  • Cash Prize (Individual): โ‚น15 lakh
  • Administered by: National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)

Significance of INCOIS Winning SCBAPP 2025

India has one of the longest coastlines in the world โ€” over 7,500 km โ€” making ocean disaster preparedness critical. INCOIS’s early warning systems have directly saved thousands of lives by alerting coastal communities before tsunamis and cyclones strike. Its advanced Potential Fishing Zone (PFZ) advisories also help fishermen avoid dangerous sea conditions, reducing accidental deaths at sea. Winning the SCBAPP 2025 underlines the government’s recognition of science-backed disaster management.

Exam Relevance โ€” APPSC, TSPSC & UPSC

This topic is highly relevant for APPSC Group 1, Group 2, TGPSC Group 1, and UPSC Prelims and Mains across the following areas: Science & Technology (Ocean Services), Disaster Management, Awards & Honours (Current Affairs), and Environment & Ecology. Expect questions on the full form of INCOIS, the ministry it falls under, the prize amount of SCBAPP, and the date of announcement.

Practice Questions

  1. Which organization won the Subhas Chandra Bose Aapda Prabandhan Puraskar 2025? (Ans: INCOIS)
  2. INCOIS is an autonomous body under which ministry? (Ans: Ministry of Earth Sciences)
  3. On which date is the SCBAPP announced every year? (Ans: January 23)
  4. What is the cash prize for the Institutional category of SCBAPP? (Ans: โ‚น51 lakh)
  5. Where is the headquarters of INCOIS? (Ans: Hyderabad)

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UNESCO & Sikkim Partner to Document Ru-Soam: India’s Ancient Cane Bridge Heritage | UPSC Current Affairs 2026

Leave a Comment / National Current Affairs, Daily Current Affairs /

UNESCO has joined hands with the Sikkim state government to document the traditional Ru-Soam bridges โ€” indigenous cane suspension footbridges built by the Lepcha community โ€” located within the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (KBR). This initiative aims to preserve and recognize this extraordinary example of indigenous engineering knowledge before it is lost to modernization.

๐Ÿ“Œ UPSC Relevance: GS Paper I โ€“ Art & Culture | GS Paper III โ€“ Environment & Ecology | Prelims โ€“ Static GK & Current Affairs

What are Ru-Soam Bridges?

Ru-Soam are traditional bamboo and cane suspension footbridges crafted by the Lepcha community of Sikkim. These structures are a testimony to centuries of accumulated indigenous knowledge in natural material engineering.

  • Built entirely without nails or metal fasteners
  • Materials used: wild cane, bamboo, and wood
  • Represent centuries-old indigenous engineering knowledge
  • Located within the Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim
  • Recognized as a remarkable example of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)

Why is UNESCO Documenting Ru-Soam?

UNESCO’s documentation effort is part of a broader mission to safeguard intangible cultural heritage worldwide. The specific objectives include:

  1. Preserving intangible cultural heritage and indigenous technical knowledge
  2. Recognizing the Lepcha community’s ecological and engineering contributions
  3. Integrating indigenous knowledge systems into sustainable development frameworks
  4. Safeguarding this knowledge from being lost as modernization advances

About the Lepcha Community

The Lepcha are one of the indigenous communities of Sikkim, classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) in India. They have coexisted with the Khangchendzonga ecosystem for centuries, developing unique knowledge systems for construction, agriculture, and ecological management. Their Ru-Soam bridges are not just infrastructure โ€” they are a living cultural tradition.

๐Ÿ”๏ธ UPSC Connect: Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve (KBR)

The Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve is a critical interconnected topic for UPSC aspirants. Here are the key facts:

FeatureDetails
LocationSikkim, India
UNESCO World Heritage SiteDesignated in 2016
Heritage TypeIndia’s first and only “mixed” heritage site (natural + cultural)
UNESCO Biosphere ReservePart of UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves since 2018
Key FeatureHome to Mt. Khangchendzonga โ€” the world’s 3rd highest peak (8,586 m)
Tribal CommunitiesLepcha, Bhutia, Limbu โ€” all with deep cultural ties to the landscape
๐Ÿ’ก Prelims Tip: KBR is India’s FIRST and ONLY “mixed” UNESCO World Heritage Site โ€” recognised for both its outstanding natural values AND cultural heritage. Designated in 2016. Do not confuse this with the Biosphere Reserve status (2018).

Key Facts for Quick Revision

  • Ru-Soam = Traditional cane/bamboo suspension bridges of Sikkim
  • Built by: Lepcha community (indigenous PVTG tribe of Sikkim)
  • Location: Khangchendzonga Biosphere Reserve, Sikkim
  • Initiative: UNESCO + Sikkim Government documentation project
  • No metal used: Built entirely from wild cane, bamboo, and wood
  • KBR UNESCO WHS Year: 2016 (mixed heritage site โ€” first in India)
  • KBR Biosphere Reserve Network Year: 2018
  • Mt. Khangchendzonga: World’s 3rd highest peak (8,586 m)

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Andhra Pradesh natural farming initiative (APCNF) among 4 finalists for Food Planet Prize

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, Andhra Pradesh Current Affairs /

Why in News?

Andhra Pradesh Community Managed Natural Farming (APCNF) programme has achieved global recognition by becoming a finalist for the prestigious Food Planet Prize 2026

apcnf world food prize

What is APCNF?

  • APCNF (Andhra Pradesh Community Managed Natural Farming) is a flagship programme of the Andhra Pradesh government.
  • Launched in: 2016
  • Implemented by: Rythu Sadhikara Samstha (RySS)
  • Objective:
    • Transition all 60 lakh farmers in the state to chemical-free natural farming
    • Promote agroecology-based sustainable agriculture

Key Features of APCNF

  • Worldโ€™s largest agroecology programme
  • Covers over 18 lakh farmers
  • Spans around 9 lakh hectares (as of 2026)
  • Focuses on:
    • Zero chemical inputs
    • Soil health restoration
    • Climate-resilient agriculture
  • Awards & Recognition:
    • Won Gulbenkian Prize for Humanity (2024)
    • Finalist for Food Planet Prize 2026

About Food Planet Prize

  • Recognized as the worldโ€™s largest environmental award
  • Prize Amount: $1.5 million USD
  • Established in 2019
  • Founded by the Curt Bergfors Foundation

Prelims Focus

  • APCNF launch year: 2016
  • Implementing agency: RySS
  • Largest agroecology programme in the world
  • Food Planet Prize founder: Curt Bergfors Foundation
  • Prize amount: $1.5 million

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Andhra University Gets โ‚น500 Crore Boost

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, Andhra Pradesh Current Affairs /

Why in News?

Andhra Pradesh Chief Minister announced a major financial grant of โ‚น500 crore to Andhra University during its centenary celebrations.

andhra university

About Andhra University

Establishment & Background

  • Established in 1926 under the Andhra University Act, 1925 (Madras Act II of 1926).
  • Created to serve the educational needs of the Andhra-speaking regions (Northern Circars & Ceded districts).

Key Personalities

  • Founder Vice-Chancellor:
    • Sir C. R. Reddy
    • Played a crucial role in establishing the university.
  • Second Vice-Chancellor:
    • Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
    • Later became the President of India.
    • Contributed significantly to academic development.

Location & Development

  • Initially started in Vijayawada (1926).
  • Shifted to its permanent campus at Visakhapatnam (Peda Waltair) in 1930.

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Governor Clears MLC Nominations in Telangana

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, Telangana Current Affairs /

Why in News?

The Governor of Telangana has approved the nomination of two prominent personalities to the State Legislative Council under the Governorโ€™s quota. The nominated members are:

  • M. Kodandaram โ€“ Academic and social activist
  • Mohammad Azharuddin โ€“ Former cricketer
mlc nomination

Governorโ€™s Quota in Legislative Council

Constitutional Basis

  • Governed by Article 171(5) of the Indian Constitution.
  • It empowers the Governor to nominate members to the State Legislative Council (MLC).

Key Features of Governorโ€™s Quota

  • The Governor can nominate 1/6th of the total members of the Legislative Council.
  • These members are:
    • Not elected
    • Directly appointed by the Governor
    • Based on the advice of the State Cabinet

Eligibility Criteria for Nomination

Nominees must have special knowledge or practical experience in the following fields:

  • Literature
  • Science
  • Art
  • Cooperative Movement
  • Social Service

About Legislative Council (Quick Facts)

  • It is the Upper House of the State Legislature.
  • Not all states have a Legislative Council.
  • Members are elected through:
    • Local bodies
    • Graduates
    • Teachers
    • MLAs
  • Plus nominated members (Governorโ€™s quota)

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Googleโ€™s $15 Billion AI Data Centre in Vizag

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, Andhra Pradesh Current Affairs /

Why in News?

Andhra Pradesh government has launched a major digital infrastructure project with Googleโ€™s $15 billion AI data centre hub in Visakhapatnam (Vizag). This project is expected to strengthen Indiaโ€™s position in artificial intelligence and global data services.

ai data center vizag

Project Location: Tarluvada near Visakhapatnam (Vizag). Additional sites include:

  • Adavivaram
  • Rambilli

Total Investment: $15 billion (approx. โ‚น1.35 lakh crore). Land Area: Around 601.4 acres across three locations.

Capacity & Scale

  • Initial Capacity: 1 Gigawatt (GW).
  • Future Expansion: Up to 5 GW.
  • This makes it one of the largest data centre hubs in India

Companies Involved

  • Developed by Google.
  • Project handled through its subsidiary Raiden Infotech.
  • Partnership with Adani Infra

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AP Space City Project 2026

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, Andhra Pradesh Current Affairs /

Why in News?

Andhra Pradesh government is developing Indiaโ€™s first dedicated Space City in Tirupati district. Spread across 2,600 acres, this project aims to transform the state into a major hub for space technology and innovation.

ap space city

Location & Overview

  • The Space City is being developed in Routhusuramala village
  • Located in Thottambedu Mandal, Andhra Pradesh
  • Covers an area of 2,600 acres industrial cluster
  • Positioned near Tirupati, a growing industrial and educational hub

Objectives of AP Space City

  • Attract global and domestic investments in the space sector
  • Promote private sector participation in space technology
  • Develop a self-reliant space ecosystem in line with India’s space reforms
  • Encourage deep-tech innovation, including AI and data analytics

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April 2026 (3rd Week) Current affairs Practice Questions

Leave a Comment / Indian Polity and Constitution MCQs /

Apr 2026 – Week 3 Current Affairs MCQ (15-21 Apr)

Fresh 15-question weekly practice set with 5 easy, 5 medium and 5 difficult questions for PSC exam revision.

Practice 2026 Weekly Current Affairs MCQ

Q1. KABIL is associated with which strategic sector?

Easy
  1. Critical minerals
  2. Textile exports
  3. Food grains procurement
  4. Urban policing
Show Answer
Answer: A. Critical minerals
KABIL works to secure overseas critical mineral assets, including lithium resources.

Q2. The PM MUDRA Yojana was launched in which year?

Easy
  1. 2014
  2. 2015
  3. 2018
  4. 2020
Show Answer
Answer: B. 2015
PM MUDRA Yojana was launched in April 2015 to support micro and small entrepreneurs with collateral-free loans.

Q3. The Women’s Reservation Act provides what quota for women?

Easy
  1. 10%
  2. 25%
  3. 33%
  4. 50%
Show Answer
Answer: C. 33%
The Act provides one-third reservation for women in the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies.

Q4. India approved its first semiconductor SEZ at which location?

Easy
  1. Dholera
  2. Pune
  3. Noida
  4. Warangal
Show Answer
Answer: A. Dholera
Dholera in Gujarat was highlighted for India’s first semiconductor SEZ approval.

Q5. India’s nuclear power target for 2047 is:

Easy
  1. 25 GW
  2. 50 GW
  3. 75 GW
  4. 100 GW
Show Answer
Answer: D. 100 GW
India has set a long-term goal of achieving 100 GW nuclear power capacity by 2047.

Q6. KABIL’s Argentina clearance is important mainly because Argentina is part of which resource-rich region?

Medium
  1. Lithium Triangle
  2. Ring of Fire
  3. Sahel Belt
  4. Arctic Circle
Show Answer
Answer: A. Lithium Triangle
Argentina is part of the Lithium Triangle, a region important for battery minerals and energy transition supply chains.

Q7. PM MUDRA loans are commonly classified into which three categories?

Medium
  1. Shishu, Kishor and Tarun
  2. Gold, Silver and Bronze
  3. Gram, Nagar and Mahanagar
  4. Basic, Standard and Premium
Show Answer
Answer: A. Shishu, Kishor and Tarun
MUDRA classifies loans by size into Shishu, Kishor and Tarun categories.

Q8. Parliament being adjourned sine die means:

Medium
  1. The sitting is adjourned without naming a day for the next sitting
  2. The House is dissolved immediately
  3. The bill is automatically passed
  4. The President resigns
Show Answer
Answer: A. The sitting is adjourned without naming a day for the next sitting
Sine die means without assigning a future date for resumption of the sitting.

Q9. AP Pashu Kisan Credit Card Scheme is linked with credit support for:

Medium
  1. Livestock and animal husbandry activities
  2. Semiconductor exports
  3. Higher education loans only
  4. Port infrastructure only
Show Answer
Answer: A. Livestock and animal husbandry activities
The scheme is meant to support livestock-based livelihoods and animal husbandry needs.

Q10. Project Punarvika in Andhra Pradesh is associated with support for:

Medium
  1. Children with rare diseases
  2. River interlinking
  3. Police recruitment
  4. Organic textile exports
Show Answer
Answer: A. Children with rare diseases
Project Punarvika was launched to help children affected by rare diseases.

Q11. Consider Women’s Reservation: 1. It provides 33% reservation. 2. It covers Lok Sabha and State Assemblies. 3. It is linked with the 106th Constitutional Amendment. Which is correct?

Difficult
  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2 only
  3. 2 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3
All three statements reflect the key exam points around the Women’s Reservation Act.

Q12. Which pair is correctly matched?

Difficult
  1. Dholera – Semiconductor SEZ
  2. KABIL – Food subsidy
  3. MUDRA – Nuclear reactors
  4. Sine die – Question Hour extension
Show Answer
Answer: A. Dholera – Semiconductor SEZ
Dholera is linked with the semiconductor SEZ, while KABIL concerns critical minerals and MUDRA concerns micro enterprise loans.

Q13. Why are lithium assets strategically important for India?

Difficult
  1. They support batteries, electric mobility and energy storage supply chains
  2. They replace parliamentary elections
  3. They are used only for traditional irrigation
  4. They are unrelated to green technology
Show Answer
Answer: A. They support batteries, electric mobility and energy storage supply chains
Lithium is a key mineral for batteries, EVs and renewable-energy storage systems.

Q14. India-China SCO engagement after Ladakh de-escalation is significant mainly for:

Difficult
  1. Regional diplomacy and border-stability signalling
  2. A new domestic tax slab
  3. A new Ramsar notification
  4. A direct change in Article 80
Show Answer
Answer: A. Regional diplomacy and border-stability signalling
Such engagement matters for foreign policy because it signals diplomatic channels after border tensions.

Q15. Which statement best links the Week 3 economy and technology topics?

Difficult
  1. MUDRA supports micro-enterprises, while semiconductor and lithium initiatives strengthen strategic industrial capacity
  2. MUDRA funds only satellites and KABIL runs elections
  3. Semiconductor SEZs are unrelated to manufacturing
  4. Lithium is mainly a food crop
Show Answer
Answer: A. MUDRA supports micro-enterprises, while semiconductor and lithium initiatives strengthen strategic industrial capacity
The topics together cover inclusive enterprise finance and strategic industrial supply chains.

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April 2026 (2nd Week) Current affairs Practice Questions

Leave a Comment / Indian Polity and Constitution MCQs /

Apr 2026 – Week 2 Current Affairs MCQ (8-14 Apr)

Fresh 15-question weekly practice set with 5 easy, 5 medium and 5 difficult questions for PSC exam revision.

Practice 2026 Weekly Current Affairs MCQ

Q1. Harivansh Narayan Singh was nominated to the Rajya Sabha under which constitutional article?

Easy
  1. Article 79
  2. Article 80
  3. Article 84
  4. Article 249
Show Answer
Answer: B. Article 80
Article 80 deals with the composition of the Rajya Sabha, including members nominated by the President.

Q2. What is the maximum strength of the Rajya Sabha?

Easy
  1. 238
  2. 245
  3. 250
  4. 552
Show Answer
Answer: C. 250
The Constitution provides a maximum Rajya Sabha strength of 250 members: 238 elected and 12 nominated.

Q3. Mahatma Jyotiba Phule started the first girls school at Bhide Wada, Pune in which year?

Easy
  1. 1827
  2. 1848
  3. 1873
  4. 1888
Show Answer
Answer: B. 1848
Jyotiba Phule and Savitribai Phule pioneered women’s education by starting a girls school in Pune in 1848.

Q4. Satyashodhak Samaj was founded by Jyotiba Phule in which year?

Easy
  1. 1848
  2. 1857
  3. 1873
  4. 1905
Show Answer
Answer: C. 1873
Satyashodhak Samaj was founded in 1873 to fight caste discrimination and promote social equality.

Q5. The GeM Womaniya initiative primarily focuses on which group?

Easy
  1. Women entrepreneurs
  2. Retired soldiers
  3. Urban local bodies
  4. Railway employees
Show Answer
Answer: A. Women entrepreneurs
Womaniya is a GeM initiative to improve market access for women entrepreneurs and women-led enterprises.

Q6. Rajya Sabha is called a permanent House because:

Medium
  1. It is never dissolved
  2. All members serve for life
  3. It controls all Money Bills
  4. It has no elected members
Show Answer
Answer: A. It is never dissolved
Rajya Sabha is not subject to dissolution; one-third of its members retire every two years.

Q7. Which book by Jyotiba Phule criticised caste oppression and compared it with slavery?

Medium
  1. Gulamgiri
  2. Anandamath
  3. Hind Swaraj
  4. Arthashastra
Show Answer
Answer: A. Gulamgiri
Gulamgiri, published in 1873, is one of Phule’s best-known critiques of caste hierarchy.

Q8. India’s decision to ban new HFC projects after 2027 is linked with which international climate-ozone framework?

Medium
  1. Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
  2. Paris Peace Treaty
  3. Kyoto Protocol only
  4. Basel Convention only
Show Answer
Answer: A. Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol
The Kigali Amendment targets phasedown of hydrofluorocarbons, which are powerful greenhouse gases.

Q9. The Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place on which date?

Medium
  1. 10 April 1919
  2. 13 April 1919
  3. 15 August 1919
  4. 26 January 1920
Show Answer
Answer: B. 13 April 1919
The massacre occurred at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on 13 April 1919.

Q10. Government e-Marketplace, often seen in news as GeM, is mainly used for:

Medium
  1. Public procurement of goods and services
  2. Conducting general elections
  3. Filing income tax returns only
  4. Issuing passports
Show Answer
Answer: A. Public procurement of goods and services
GeM is an online platform for procurement by government departments and public sector organisations.

Q11. Consider Rajya Sabha: 1. Its members have a 6-year term. 2. One-third retire every two years. 3. Its Chairman is the Vice-President of India. Which statements are correct?

Difficult
  1. 1 only
  2. 1 and 2 only
  3. 2 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3
Show Answer
Answer: D. 1, 2 and 3
All three statements are correct and are core features of the Council of States.

Q12. Which pair is correctly matched?

Difficult
  1. Article 249 – Parliament can legislate on State List if Rajya Sabha passes a resolution
  2. Article 312 – Money Bill certification
  3. Article 80 – Emergency proclamation
  4. Article 79 – Fundamental Duties
Show Answer
Answer: A. Article 249 – Parliament can legislate on State List if Rajya Sabha passes a resolution
Article 249 gives Rajya Sabha a special federal role over State List matters in national interest.

Q13. The title Mahatma was conferred on Jyotiba Phule in 1888 by:

Difficult
  1. Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar
  2. Bal Gangadhar Tilak
  3. Gopal Krishna Gokhale
  4. Dadabhai Naoroji
Show Answer
Answer: A. Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar
Phule received the title Mahatma in 1888 in recognition of his service to social reform.

Q14. Which combination is most accurate about HFCs?

Difficult
  1. They are greenhouse gases targeted for phasedown under the Kigali Amendment
  2. They are only natural fertilisers
  3. They are ozone-friendly and have no climate impact
  4. They are protected under the Ramsar Convention
Show Answer
Answer: A. They are greenhouse gases targeted for phasedown under the Kigali Amendment
HFCs do not deplete ozone like older CFCs, but they have high global warming potential.

Q15. Which statement best explains why Rajya Sabha nominations matter for exams?

Difficult
  1. They test Article 80, nominated-member fields and the federal composition of Parliament
  2. They abolish elections to Parliament
  3. They convert Rajya Sabha into a state assembly
  4. They remove the role of the President
Show Answer
Answer: A. They test Article 80, nominated-member fields and the federal composition of Parliament
Nominations connect current affairs with polity basics: composition, nominated seats and constitutional articles.

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Census 2027: Worldโ€™s First Fully Digital Census Explained

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, National Current Affairs /

Why in News?

India has launched Census 2027, marking a historic shift as the worldโ€™s first fully digital national census. The exercise began on April 1, 2026, and plays a crucial role in policy-making, planning, and governance.

census 2027

Key Highlights of Census 2027

  • First-ever fully digital census in the world
  • Started on April 1, 2026
  • It is the 16th Census of India
  • It is the 8th census after independence
  • Conducted under the authority of the Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India

Two Phases of Census 2027

Phase I: Houselisting & Housing Census (HLO)

  • Timeline: April 1, 2026 โ€“ September 30, 2026
  • Purpose:
    • Listing all buildings and households
    • Collecting data on:
      • Housing conditions
      • Basic amenities (water, electricity, sanitation)
      • Household assets

Phase II: Population Enumeration (PE)

  • Timeline: February 2027
  • Reference Date: March 1, 2027
  • Purpose:
    • Collecting individual-level data, such as:
      • Age
      • Gender
      • Education
      • Occupation
      • Socio-economic details

Background: Census in India

  • Conducted every 10 years (Decennial Census)
  • First census in India: 1872 (non-synchronous)
  • First complete census: 1881 (under British rule)
  • Last census: 2011 (2021 census delayed due to COVID-19)

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