✅ Answer: B) RajasthanThe Bhadla Solar Park in Jodhpur district, Rajasthan is the world’s largest solar park with a capacity of ~2,245 MW. Rajasthan has the highest solar energy potential in India due to its high solar radiation (300+ sunny days/year) and large barren land. Other major solar parks: Pavagada (Karnataka, ~2,050 MW), Rewa (MP, 750 MW), Kurnool (AP, 1,000 MW). India is the 5th largest solar power producer in the world.

✅ Answer: C) 8India’s National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), launched in 2008, includes 8 national missions: 1. National Solar Mission, 2. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency, 3. National Mission on Sustainable Habitat, 4. National Water Mission, 5. National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem, 6. National Mission for a Green India, 7. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture, 8. National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change.

✅ Answer: C) None — India is 3rd largest overall renewable energy producerIndia is the 3rd largest renewable energy producer in the world (after China and USA). For specific sources: Solar — India is 5th largest; Wind — India is 4th largest; Hydroelectric — India is 5th largest. India is the world’s largest producer of jute and mica (minerals), but not renewable energy. India’s total renewable capacity is ~180 GW (2024). India aims to be the world’s largest renewable energy producer by 2030 with 500 GW capacity.

✅ Answer: A) Interconnecting electricity grids globally to share solar power across time zonesThe “One Sun One World One Grid” (OSOWOG) initiative, proposed by PM Modi at COP26 (2021), aims to interconnect electricity grids globally to share solar power across time zones. When it’s daytime in one region, solar power can be exported to regions where it’s night. It is being developed by ISA (International Solar Alliance) and the World Bank. The first phase connects South Asia, Southeast Asia, and the Middle East. It could revolutionise global energy trade.

✅ Answer: C) Tamil NaduThe Muppandal Wind Farm in Kanyakumari district, Tamil Nadu is one of India’s largest wind farms. Tamil Nadu is India’s leading state in wind energy production. India is the 4th largest wind power producer in the world. Other major wind farms: Jaisalmer Wind Park (Rajasthan), Brahmanvel (Maharashtra), Chitradurga (Karnataka). India’s wind capacity is ~45 GW (2024). Offshore wind development is being explored in Gujarat and Tamil Nadu coasts.

✅ Answer: B) Well below 2°C, preferably 1.5°C above pre-industrial levelsThe Paris Agreement (2015) aims to limit global average temperature rise to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, with efforts to limit it to 1.5°C. It was adopted at COP21 in Paris. 196 countries signed it. Each country submits Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). India committed to 500 GW renewable energy by 2030 and net zero by 2070. The IPCC’s 1.5°C Special Report (2018) warned of severe consequences if warming exceeds 1.5°C.

✅ Answer: A) PM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli YojanaPM Surya Ghar Muft Bijli Yojana (PM Free Electricity from Sun Scheme) was launched in February 2024 to promote rooftop solar panels in households. It provides subsidies for installing rooftop solar panels and aims to provide free electricity (up to 300 units/month) to 1 crore households. PM-KUSUM is for solar pumps for farmers. FAME India is for electric vehicles. The scheme aims to add 30 GW of rooftop solar capacity and reduce household electricity bills.

✅ Answer: C) Tidal energyThe Gulf of Kutch in Gujarat has the highest tidal energy potential in India due to its large tidal range (up to 8 metres). Tidal energy uses the rise and fall of tides to generate electricity. India has not yet commercially exploited tidal energy. The Gulf of Khambhat (also in Gujarat) also has significant tidal potential. Globally, tidal energy is still in early stages — France’s La Rance tidal power station (240 MW) is the world’s largest. Puga Valley (Ladakh) has the highest geothermal potential.

✅ Answer: A) 1 and 3 onlyIndia’s “Panchamrit” (5 nectar elements) at COP26 (2021): 1. Reach 500 GW non-fossil energy capacity by 2030; 2. Meet 50% energy requirements from renewables by 2030; 3. Reduce total projected carbon emissions by 1 billion tonnes by 2030; 4. Reduce emissions intensity of GDP by 45% by 2030; 5. Achieve net zero by 2070. Statement 2 is incorrect — India’s net zero target is 2070, not 2050. The 2050 target is for developed countries.

✅ Answer: C) COP21, Paris (2015) — proposed; formally launched at New Delhi (2018)The International Solar Alliance (ISA) was proposed by PM Modi and French President Hollande at COP21 (Paris, December 2015). It was formally launched at the First ISA Assembly in New Delhi in October 2018. ISA’s headquarters is at NISE campus, Gurugram, Haryana. It has 120+ member countries. ISA aims to mobilise $1 trillion for solar energy by 2030. India is the founding member and host country. ISA focuses on sunshine-rich countries between the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn.