✅ Answer: B) NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India)UPI (Unified Payments Interface) is managed by NPCI (National Payments Corporation of India). UPI was launched in 2016. It enables real-time mobile payments between bank accounts using a Virtual Payment Address (VPA). India is the world’s largest UPI market — processing billions of transactions monthly. NPCI also manages RuPay (India’s domestic card network), IMPS, NACH, and other payment systems. UPI has been adopted by several countries including Singapore, UAE, France.

✅ Answer: C) UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India)Aadhaar is managed by UIDAI (Unique Identification Authority of India), established in 2009. Aadhaar is a 12-digit unique biometric identification number. Over 1.3 billion Indians are enrolled. It uses fingerprints, iris scans, and facial recognition. Nandan Nilekani (co-founder of Infosys) was the first chairman of UIDAI. The Aadhaar Act 2016 provides the legal framework. Aadhaar is used for DBT (Direct Benefit Transfer), banking, and e-KYC.

✅ Answer: A) CERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team India)CERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team India) is India’s primary cybersecurity agency, functioning under the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). It was established in 2004. It responds to cybersecurity incidents, issues advisories, and coordinates with international CERTs. NCIIPC (National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre) protects critical infrastructure. The IT Act 2000 (amended 2008) is India’s primary cyber law.

✅ Answer: B) 2015The Digital India programme was launched on July 1, 2015 by PM Narendra Modi. It aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. Three key areas: digital infrastructure, digital services, and digital literacy. Key initiatives under Digital India: BharatNet, DigiLocker, e-Hospital, UMANG, MyGov, and Aadhaar-based services. India’s digital economy is expected to reach $1 trillion by 2025.

✅ Answer: A) Much higher speed, lower latency, and ability to connect more devices (IoT)5G offers speeds of 1-10 Gbps (vs 100 Mbps for 4G), ultra-low latency (1ms vs 30-50ms for 4G), and ability to connect millions of devices per sq km (enabling IoT). 5G enables autonomous vehicles, smart cities, telemedicine, and Industry 4.0. India launched 5G in October 2022. 5G uses higher frequency bands (mmWave) for speed but requires more towers. India used its own 5G spectrum bands.

✅ Answer: B) Encrypts victim’s data and demands ransom for decryption keyRansomware encrypts the victim’s files and demands a ransom (usually in cryptocurrency) for the decryption key. WannaCry (2017) was a major global ransomware attack that affected 200,000+ computers in 150 countries, including India. NotPetya (2017) was another major attack. Ransomware attacks on hospitals, government agencies, and critical infrastructure have increased significantly. Regular backups and software updates are key defences.

✅ Answer: C) 8%India’s IT industry contributes about 8% to India’s GDP. The industry is worth ~$250 billion and employs over 5 million people directly. India is the world’s largest IT services exporter. Major IT hubs: Bengaluru (“Silicon Valley of India”), Hyderabad (“Cyberabad”), Chennai, Pune, Noida. Major companies: TCS, Infosys, Wipro, HCL, Tech Mahindra. NASSCOM (National Association of Software and Service Companies) is the industry body.

✅ Answer: B) Government cloud computing platformMeghRaj is India’s government cloud computing platform, managed by NIC (National Informatics Centre). It provides cloud services to government departments and agencies. “Megh” means cloud in Sanskrit. It offers IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS services. Government applications like e-District, e-Hospital, and various state government portals are hosted on MeghRaj. It is part of the Digital India initiative to modernise government IT infrastructure.

✅ Answer: A) Provide legal recognition to electronic transactions and address cybercrimeThe IT Act 2000 (Information Technology Act) was enacted to provide legal recognition to electronic transactions (e-commerce, e-governance) and address cybercrime. It was amended in 2008 to add provisions for data protection, cybercrime, and intermediary liability. Key sections: Section 66 (hacking), Section 66A (offensive messages — struck down by SC), Section 67 (obscene content), Section 69 (interception). CERT-In was established under the IT Act.

✅ Answer: B) Store and access official documents digitallyDigiLocker is a cloud-based platform that allows citizens to store and access official documents digitally. Documents like Aadhaar, driving licence, vehicle registration, marksheets, and PAN card can be stored. DigiLocker documents are legally valid under the IT Act. It was launched in 2015 under Digital India. Over 200 million users have registered. It reduces the need to carry physical documents. Documents can be shared with government agencies and private organisations.