📌 Topic 05 of 6 · Chapter 10 · Population & Urbanisation
Migration in India
Types, push-pull factors, rural-urban migration, remittances — complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.
🚶 Types of Migration
| Type | Description | Frequency |
|---|---|---|
| Rural–Rural | From one village to another; mainly for marriage (women) | Most common type |
| Rural–Urban | From village to city; for employment, education | Most significant economically |
| Urban–Urban | From one city to another; for better jobs | Common among professionals |
| Urban–Rural | From city to village; retirement, reverse migration | Least common |
🚶 Push & Pull Factors
| Push Factors (from origin) | Pull Factors (to destination) |
|---|---|
| Poverty, unemployment | Employment opportunities, better wages |
| Drought, floods, natural disasters | Better education, healthcare |
| Lack of basic facilities | Urban amenities, infrastructure |
| Social discrimination | Social freedom, anonymity |
| Land fragmentation | Higher standard of living |
🚶 Key Migration Facts
- Major destination states: Maharashtra, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana
- Major source states: UP, Bihar, Rajasthan, MP, Odisha
- Brain Drain: Emigration of skilled professionals to developed countries (USA, UK, Canada)
- Remittances: India = largest recipient of remittances in world (~$87 billion in 2021)
- Major remittance sources: USA, UAE, Saudi Arabia, UK, Kuwait
- Kerala, UP, Bihar, Rajasthan = major remittance-receiving states
⭐ Key Facts — Migration:
• Rural-Rural = most common type of migration in India
• Rural-Urban = most economically significant
• India = largest recipient of remittances in world
• Maharashtra = largest destination state for migrants
• UP + Bihar = largest source states for migrants
• Rural-Rural = most common type of migration in India
• Rural-Urban = most economically significant
• India = largest recipient of remittances in world
• Maharashtra = largest destination state for migrants
• UP + Bihar = largest source states for migrants