🌡️ Four Seasons of India

❄️ Cold Weather Season (Dec–Feb)

• Temperature: 10–15°C in north; 20–25°C in south
• Western Disturbances — bring winter rain to Punjab, Haryana, UP, Uttarakhand — important for rabi crops (wheat)
• Dense fog in Indo-Gangetic Plain — disrupts transport
• Coldest place: Dras (Ladakh) — can reach –45°C
• Coldest capital: Srinagar (J&K)

☀️ Hot Weather Season (Mar–May)

• Temperature rises sharply — can reach 45–48°C in Rajasthan
• Loo — hot, dry, dusty wind blowing from west/northwest over NW India (Punjab, Haryana, UP, Rajasthan)
• Dust storms (Andhi) — common in Rajasthan and UP
• Pre-monsoon showers:
  • Mango Showers — Kerala, Karnataka — help mango ripening
  • Blossom Showers — Kerala — help coffee blossoming
  • Nor’westers (Kalbaisakhi) — West Bengal, Assam — violent thunderstorms from NW; help jute and rice cultivation
  • Cherry Blossoms — Karnataka — help coffee
• Hottest place: Barmer (Rajasthan) — can reach 50°C

🌀 Retreating Monsoon (Oct–Nov)

• SW monsoon withdraws from NW India in September
• October Heat — high humidity + high temperature = very uncomfortable
• Cyclones form in Bay of Bengal — hit Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu coasts
• NE monsoon begins — brings rain to Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh coast
• Chennai gets most of its rain during this season (Oct–Dec)