✅ Answer: B) RussiaBrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile developed as a joint venture between India (DRDO) and Russia (NPO Mashinostroyeniya). The name comes from Brahmaputra (India) and Moskva (Russia) rivers. It travels at Mach 2.8 — making it the world’s fastest cruise missile in operation. It can be launched from land, sea, air, and submarine. BrahMos-II (hypersonic, Mach 7+) is under development.

✅ Answer: A) IGMDP (Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme)Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was the chief architect of the IGMDP (Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme), launched in 1983. Under this programme, India developed 5 missiles: Agni (ballistic), Prithvi (surface-to-surface), Akash (surface-to-air), Nag (anti-tank), and Trishul (short-range). Kalam later became the 11th President of India (2002-2007). He is called the “Missile Man of India.”

✅ Answer: C) 5,000 kmAgni-V has a range of 5,000–8,000 km, classifying it as an ICBM (range >5,500 km). It can reach all of China, Europe, and parts of Africa. It is nuclear-capable and can carry MIRV (Multiple Independently targetable Re-entry Vehicles) — multiple warheads. Agni-V makes India one of the few countries with ICBM capability (USA, Russia, China, France, UK, India).

✅ Answer: C) INS VikrantINS Vikrant is India’s first indigenously built aircraft carrier, commissioned on September 2, 2022. It weighs 45,000 tonnes and can carry 30 aircraft. It was built at Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL), Kerala. INS Vikramaditya is a refurbished Russian aircraft carrier. INS Viraat was a decommissioned British carrier. INS Arihant is India’s first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN).

✅ Answer: A) No First Use (NFU)India’s nuclear doctrine is based on “No First Use” (NFU) — India will not use nuclear weapons first against any country. India will only use nuclear weapons in retaliation to a nuclear attack. The doctrine also includes “Credible Minimum Deterrence” and “Massive Retaliation.” India’s nuclear doctrine was formalised in 2003. Pakistan does not follow NFU policy. China also follows NFU.

✅ Answer: A) Smiling BuddhaIndia’s first nuclear test (Pokhran-I) was codenamed “Smiling Buddha” and was conducted on May 18, 1974 under PM Indira Gandhi. India became the 6th country to test a nuclear device. Pokhran-II (Operation Shakti) was conducted on May 11-13, 1998 under PM Atal Bihari Vajpayee — 5 tests in total. After Pokhran-II, India declared itself a nuclear weapons state. The tests were conducted at Pokhran, Rajasthan.

✅ Answer: A) Light Combat Aircraft (LCA)Tejas is India’s indigenously developed Light Combat Aircraft (LCA), developed by HAL (Hindustan Aeronautics Limited) with DRDO support. It is a 4th generation, single-engine, multirole fighter aircraft. It was inducted into the Indian Air Force (IAF) in 2016. Tejas Mk1A is an upgraded version with advanced avionics. India has ordered 83 Tejas Mk1A aircraft. It replaces the ageing MiG-21 fleet.

✅ Answer: C) Surface-to-air missile (air defence)Akash is a surface-to-air missile (SAM) system developed by DRDO for air defence. It can engage targets at a range of 25-30 km and altitude up to 18 km. It is supersonic (Mach 2.5). It is used by both the Indian Army and Indian Air Force. India has also exported Akash to friendly countries. It is part of the IGMDP (Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme).

✅ Answer: B) Completes India’s nuclear triadINS Arihant (commissioned 2016) is India’s first nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN). It completes India’s nuclear triad — the ability to deliver nuclear weapons from land (Agni missiles), sea (INS Arihant), and air (aircraft). A nuclear triad ensures second-strike capability — even if land and air forces are destroyed, submarines can retaliate. INS Arighat is the second SSBN in the series.

✅ Answer: C) Anti-tank warfareNag is an anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) developed by DRDO. It is a “fire and forget” missile — once fired, it guides itself to the target. It has a range of 4-7 km. HELINA (Helicopter-launched Nag) is the helicopter-launched version. NAMICA (Nag Missile Carrier) is the ground vehicle version. Nag uses infrared imaging seeker to lock onto tank targets. It is part of the IGMDP programme.