📌 Topic 04 of 6 · Chapter 05 · IT & Cybersecurity
Cybercrime & Cybersecurity in India
Types of cybercrime, IT Act 2000, CERT-In, cyber laws — complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.
🔒 Types of Cybercrime
| Type | Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Phishing | Fraudulent emails/websites to steal credentials | Fake bank emails asking for password |
| Ransomware | Malware encrypts data; demands ransom | WannaCry (2017) — affected 200,000+ computers globally |
| DDoS Attack | Overwhelms servers with traffic; makes them unavailable | Attacks on government websites |
| Identity Theft | Stealing personal information for fraud | Using stolen Aadhaar/PAN for financial fraud |
| Cyberstalking | Harassing someone online | Social media harassment |
| SQL Injection | Inserting malicious code into database queries | Stealing database records |
| Man-in-the-Middle | Intercepting communication between two parties | Intercepting banking transactions |
🔒 India’s Cyber Laws & Organisations
- IT Act 2000 (Information Technology Act) — India’s primary cyber law; amended 2008
- Key sections: Section 66 (hacking), Section 67 (obscene content), Section 69 (interception)
- CERT-In (Computer Emergency Response Team India) — nodal cybersecurity agency — under MeitY
- NCIIPC (National Critical Information Infrastructure Protection Centre) — protects critical infrastructure
- Cyber Surakshit Bharat — government initiative for cybersecurity awareness
- National Cyber Security Policy 2013 — framework for cybersecurity
⭐ Key Facts:
• IT Act 2000 = India’s primary cyber law = amended 2008
• CERT-In = Computer Emergency Response Team India = nodal cybersecurity agency
• WannaCry (2017) = global ransomware attack = affected India too
• Phishing = most common cybercrime in India
• NCIIPC = protects critical infrastructure (power, banking, telecom)
• IT Act 2000 = India’s primary cyber law = amended 2008
• CERT-In = Computer Emergency Response Team India = nodal cybersecurity agency
• WannaCry (2017) = global ransomware attack = affected India too
• Phishing = most common cybercrime in India
• NCIIPC = protects critical infrastructure (power, banking, telecom)