📌 Topic 02 of 6 · Chapter 08 · Industries of India
Textile Industry of India
Cotton, jute, silk, wool, synthetic textiles — major centres — complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.
🧵 Textile Industry — Overview
The textile industry is the largest employer in India after agriculture. It contributes ~7% to industrial output and ~15% to export earnings.
| Type | Major Centres | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|
| Cotton Textile | Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Surat, Coimbatore, Kanpur | Mumbai = “Manchester of India”; Ahmedabad = “Manchester of East”; oldest industry |
| Jute Textile | Kolkata (Hooghly belt), West Bengal | India = largest jute producer; Kolkata = “Jute Capital of World”; first mill at Rishra (1855) |
| Silk Textile | Mysuru (Karnataka), Varanasi (UP), Kanchipuram (TN) | Karnataka = largest silk producer (70%); Mysuru = “Silk City of India” |
| Woollen Textile | Ludhiana (Punjab), Amritsar, Kanpur | Ludhiana = “Manchester of North India” for woollens |
| Synthetic/Man-made | Surat (Gujarat), Mumbai | Surat = largest synthetic textile centre; polyester, nylon |
⭐ Key Facts — Textile Industry:
• Mumbai = “Manchester of India” = cotton textiles
• Kolkata (Hooghly belt) = jute capital of world
• Mysuru (Karnataka) = silk city = largest silk producer
• Surat (Gujarat) = largest synthetic textile centre
• India = 2nd largest textile exporter in world
• Silk types: Mulberry (Karnataka), Tussar (JH, WB), Eri (Assam), Muga (Assam — golden silk)
• Mumbai = “Manchester of India” = cotton textiles
• Kolkata (Hooghly belt) = jute capital of world
• Mysuru (Karnataka) = silk city = largest silk producer
• Surat (Gujarat) = largest synthetic textile centre
• India = 2nd largest textile exporter in world
• Silk types: Mulberry (Karnataka), Tussar (JH, WB), Eri (Assam), Muga (Assam — golden silk)