Topic 02 of 5 · Chapter 04 · Indian Polity
Parts & Articles of the Indian Constitution
All 25 Parts of the Constitution, original 22 parts, articles in each part, and important articles to remember for exams.
📋 In This Article
1. Overview of Parts
The Indian Constitution is divided into Parts, each dealing with a specific subject. Originally (1950), the Constitution had 22 Parts. Currently it has 25 Parts (after amendments added new parts).
⭐ Exam Fact: Three new Parts were added by amendments: Part IVA (Fundamental Duties — 42nd Amendment), Part IXA (Municipalities — 74th Amendment), and Part XIVA (Tribunals — 42nd Amendment).
2. All 25 Parts — Complete Table
| Part | Articles | Subject |
|---|---|---|
| Part I | 1–4 | The Union and its Territory |
| Part II | 5–11 | Citizenship |
| Part III | 12–35 | Fundamental Rights |
| Part IV | 36–51 | Directive Principles of State Policy |
| Part IVA | 51A | Fundamental Duties (added by 42nd Amendment, 1976) |
| Part V | 52–151 | The Union (President, Parliament, Supreme Court, CAG) |
| Part VI | 152–237 | The States (Governor, State Legislature, High Courts) |
| Part VII | — | Repealed (7th Amendment, 1956) |
| Part VIII | 239–242 | Union Territories |
| Part IX | 243–243O | Panchayats (added by 73rd Amendment, 1992) |
| Part IXA | 243P–243ZG | Municipalities (added by 74th Amendment, 1992) |
| Part IXB | 243ZH–243ZT | Co-operative Societies (added by 97th Amendment, 2011) |
| Part X | 244–244A | Scheduled and Tribal Areas |
| Part XI | 245–263 | Relations between Union and States |
| Part XII | 264–300A | Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits |
| Part XIII | 301–307 | Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within India |
| Part XIV | 308–323 | Services under the Union and States |
| Part XIVA | 323A–323B | Tribunals (added by 42nd Amendment, 1976) |
| Part XV | 324–329A | Elections |
| Part XVI | 330–342A | Special Provisions for SC, ST, OBC, Anglo-Indians |
| Part XVII | 343–351 | Official Language |
| Part XVIII | 352–360 | Emergency Provisions |
| Part XIX | 361–367 | Miscellaneous |
| Part XX | 368 | Amendment of the Constitution |
| Part XXI | 369–392 | Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions |
| Part XXII | 393–395 | Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals |
3. Most Important Articles to Remember
| Article | Subject |
|---|---|
| Article 1 | India — Union of States |
| Article 12 | Definition of State (for FR purposes) |
| Article 13 | Laws inconsistent with FR are void |
| Article 14 | Equality before law |
| Article 17 | Abolition of untouchability |
| Article 19 | Six freedoms |
| Article 21 | Right to life and personal liberty |
| Article 21A | Right to education (6-14 years) |
| Article 32 | Right to constitutional remedies (heart and soul) |
| Article 44 | Uniform Civil Code (DPSP) |
| Article 51A | Fundamental Duties |
| Article 72 | President’s pardoning power |
| Article 74 | Council of Ministers to aid and advise President |
| Article 75 | Collective responsibility of Council of Ministers |
| Article 108 | Joint sitting of Parliament |
| Article 110 | Definition of Money Bill |
| Article 123 | President’s ordinance power |
| Article 124 | Establishment of Supreme Court |
| Article 131 | Original jurisdiction of Supreme Court |
| Article 143 | Advisory jurisdiction of Supreme Court |
| Article 226 | High Court’s writ jurisdiction |
| Article 243 | Panchayati Raj |
| Article 280 | Finance Commission |
| Article 300A | Right to property (legal right) |
| Article 312 | All India Services |
| Article 324 | Election Commission of India |
| Article 352 | National Emergency |
| Article 356 | President’s Rule (State Emergency) |
| Article 360 | Financial Emergency |
| Article 368 | Amendment of the Constitution |
✅ Remember: Part V (Articles 52-151) is the largest part — it covers the entire Union government including the President, Vice-President, Parliament, Supreme Court, and CAG.
4. Key Points for Exam
🔑 Must-Remember Facts
- Original Constitution: 22 Parts; Current: 25 Parts
- Part IVA (Fundamental Duties) added by 42nd Amendment (1976)
- Part IX (Panchayats) added by 73rd Amendment (1992)
- Part IXA (Municipalities) added by 74th Amendment (1992)
- Part VII was repealed by 7th Amendment (1956)
- Fundamental Rights: Part III, Articles 12-35
- DPSP: Part IV, Articles 36-51
- Emergency provisions: Part XVIII, Articles 352-360
- Amendment: Part XX, Article 368
- Article 21: Right to Life — most litigated article
- Article 32: “Heart and soul” — Dr. Ambedkar