⚖️ Part 3 · Chapter 03 · Indian Polity
Judiciary — Supreme Court & High Courts
6
Sub-Topics
10
Practice MCQs
10
PYQs
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Very High
📌 What You Will Learn in This Chapter
✅ Composition of Supreme Court
✅ Original, appellate & advisory jurisdiction
✅ Judicial review and judicial activism
✅ Public Interest Litigation (PIL)
✅ Judicial independence — appointment, tenure
✅ High Courts — composition and jurisdiction
✅ Subordinate courts
✅ Landmark Supreme Court cases
📚 Chapter Sub-Topics — Click to Read
Topic 01
Supreme Court — Composition & Appointment
Chief Justice, judges (34 total), appointment process, collegium system, qualifications, tenure, and removal.
Topic 02
Jurisdiction of Supreme Court
Original jurisdiction, appellate jurisdiction, advisory jurisdiction (Article 143), and writ jurisdiction (Article 32).
Topic 03
Judicial Review & Judicial Activism
Meaning of judicial review, scope, limitations, judicial activism, PIL, and landmark cases.
Topic 04
High Courts — Composition & Jurisdiction
Composition, appointment, original and appellate jurisdiction, writ jurisdiction (Article 226), and subordinate courts.
Topic 05
Judicial Independence
Security of tenure, fixed service conditions, charged on Consolidated Fund, no practice after retirement, and contempt of court.
Topic 06
Landmark Cases & Quick Revision
Kesavananda Bharati, Golaknath, Minerva Mills, Maneka Gandhi, Vishaka — all landmark cases and complete revision.
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