✅ Answer: B) Mohenjo-daroThe Great Bath was found at Mohenjo-daro in the citadel area. It measures 12m × 7m × 2.4m deep, made of burnt bricks with bitumen waterproofing. It is considered the world’s earliest public water tank and was likely used for ritual bathing. Steps on both ends allowed entry.

✅ Answer: C) LothalLothal (Gujarat) is the only IVC site with a dockyard — evidence of maritime trade. It also has a bead factory, fire altars, and evidence of rice husk. Lothal was discovered by S.R. Rao in 1954. The dockyard connected to the Sabarmati river, facilitating trade with Mesopotamia.

✅ Answer: C) 2021Dholavira (Gujarat, Rann of Kutch) was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021. It is the largest IVC site in India and is known for its unique water conservation system, multi-layered fortification, and a signboard with IVC script — the longest IVC inscription found.

✅ Answer: B) Proto-ShivaThe Pashupati Seal shows a three-faced figure seated in yogic posture, surrounded by animals (elephant, tiger, rhinoceros, buffalo, deer), wearing a horned headdress. It is interpreted as Proto-Shiva or Pashupati (Lord of Animals), suggesting early Shaivism. It was discovered at Mohenjo-daro.

✅ Answer: C) CottonThe Harappans were the first people in the world to cultivate and weave cotton. The Greek word for cotton — “sindon” — comes from “Sindhu” (Indus), reflecting India’s role as the original source of cotton. Evidence of cotton fabric impression was found on a silver vase at Mohenjo-daro.

✅ Answer: C) KalibanganKalibangan (Rajasthan, on River Ghaggar) has evidence of fire altars (suggesting fire worship) and a ploughed field — the earliest evidence of ploughing in South Asia. It also shows evidence of an earthquake. Kalibangan was discovered by A. Ghosh in 1953.

✅ Answer: C) Unicorn (one-horned bull)The unicorn (one-horned bull) is the most common animal depicted on IVC seals. Over 2,000 seals have been found, mostly made of steatite (soapstone). The humped bull is the second most common. Seals were used for trade — stamping goods — and possibly as amulets.

✅ Answer: B) Mesopotamia (Sumer)Mesopotamian (Sumerian) texts refer to trade with “Meluhha” — identified by scholars as the IVC. This confirms long-distance trade between IVC and Mesopotamia. IVC exported cotton, beads, carnelian, lapis lazuli, and ivory to Mesopotamia. IVC seals have been found in Mesopotamian sites.

✅ Answer: B) Mohenjo-daroThe Dancing Girl is a famous bronze figurine found at Mohenjo-daro. It shows a young girl in a dancing pose, wearing bangles on her left arm. It is evidence of the Harappans’ artistic skill and knowledge of bronze casting (lost-wax technique). It is now displayed at the National Museum, New Delhi.

✅ Answer: C) Climate change (drought)The most widely accepted theory today is climate change — prolonged drought around 1900 BCE and the drying of the Ghaggar-Hakra river (ancient Saraswati). This disrupted agriculture and forced migration. The Aryan Invasion Theory is now largely discredited. Most historians believe multiple factors caused the decline.