โก Topic 06 of 6 ยท Chapter 14 ยท Quick Revision
National Movement (1857โ1920) โ Quick Revision
Timeline, key events, leaders, complete chapter revision checklist.
๐ Moderate vs Extremist โ Comparison
| Feature | Moderates (1885โ1905) | Extremists (1905โ1920) |
|---|---|---|
| Leaders | Gokhale, Naoroji, Pherozeshah Mehta | Tilak, Lajpat Rai, Bipin Chandra Pal |
| Methods | Petitions, prayers, memorials (“3 Ps”) | Swaraj, Swadeshi, Boycott, National Education |
| Goal | Reforms within British system | Swaraj (self-rule) |
| Approach | Constitutional; faith in British justice | Aggressive; mass mobilisation |
| Base | Educated elite | Broader โ included common people |
โ Complete Chapter 14 Revision Checklist
โ
1857 Revolt: Started Meerut (May 10, 1857); greased cartridges = immediate cause
โ Rani Lakshmibai: Jhansi; “Mardani”; died June 1858 at Gwalior
โ Nana Sahib: Kanpur; Tantia Tope = his general
โ Bahadur Shah Zafar II: Last Mughal emperor; declared leader; exiled to Rangoon
โ Government of India Act 1858: EIC dissolved; British Crown took over; Viceroy
โ INC founded: 1885; A.O. Hume; first session Bombay; W.C. Bonnerjee = first president
โ Dadabhai Naoroji: First Indian president of INC (1886); “Grand Old Man of India”
โ Moderate methods: “3 Ps” = Petition, Prayer, Protest
โ Gokhale: Servants of India Society (1905); Gandhi’s political mentor
โ Partition of Bengal: October 16, 1905; Lord Curzon; divide and rule
โ Raksha Bandhan: October 16, 1905; Hindu-Muslim unity
โ “Amar Sonar Bangla”: Rabindranath Tagore; Bangladesh’s national anthem
โ Swadeshi movement: Boycott British goods; first mass movement in India
โ Lal-Bal-Pal: Lala Lajpat Rai + Bal Gangadhar Tilak + Bipin Chandra Pal
โ Tilak’s slogan: “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”
โ Tilak’s title: “Lokmanya”; newspapers: Kesari (Marathi) + Mahratta (English)
โ Surat Split: 1907; Moderates vs Extremists
โ Annulment of Partition: 1911; Lord Hardinge; Delhi Durbar
โ Lucknow Pact: 1916; Congress + Muslim League; Tilak + Jinnah; separate electorates
โ Tilak’s Home Rule League: April 1916; Maharashtra
โ Annie Besant’s Home Rule League: September 1916; rest of India
โ Montagu Declaration: August 20, 1917; first British acknowledgement of self-government
โ Morley-Minto Reforms (1909): Separate electorates for Muslims introduced
โ Rowlatt Act (1919): Detention without trial; “No appeal, no vakil, no dalil”
โ Rani Lakshmibai: Jhansi; “Mardani”; died June 1858 at Gwalior
โ Nana Sahib: Kanpur; Tantia Tope = his general
โ Bahadur Shah Zafar II: Last Mughal emperor; declared leader; exiled to Rangoon
โ Government of India Act 1858: EIC dissolved; British Crown took over; Viceroy
โ INC founded: 1885; A.O. Hume; first session Bombay; W.C. Bonnerjee = first president
โ Dadabhai Naoroji: First Indian president of INC (1886); “Grand Old Man of India”
โ Moderate methods: “3 Ps” = Petition, Prayer, Protest
โ Gokhale: Servants of India Society (1905); Gandhi’s political mentor
โ Partition of Bengal: October 16, 1905; Lord Curzon; divide and rule
โ Raksha Bandhan: October 16, 1905; Hindu-Muslim unity
โ “Amar Sonar Bangla”: Rabindranath Tagore; Bangladesh’s national anthem
โ Swadeshi movement: Boycott British goods; first mass movement in India
โ Lal-Bal-Pal: Lala Lajpat Rai + Bal Gangadhar Tilak + Bipin Chandra Pal
โ Tilak’s slogan: “Swaraj is my birthright and I shall have it”
โ Tilak’s title: “Lokmanya”; newspapers: Kesari (Marathi) + Mahratta (English)
โ Surat Split: 1907; Moderates vs Extremists
โ Annulment of Partition: 1911; Lord Hardinge; Delhi Durbar
โ Lucknow Pact: 1916; Congress + Muslim League; Tilak + Jinnah; separate electorates
โ Tilak’s Home Rule League: April 1916; Maharashtra
โ Annie Besant’s Home Rule League: September 1916; rest of India
โ Montagu Declaration: August 20, 1917; first British acknowledgement of self-government
โ Morley-Minto Reforms (1909): Separate electorates for Muslims introduced
โ Rowlatt Act (1919): Detention without trial; “No appeal, no vakil, no dalil”