🏛️ Lahore Session (December 1929) — Purna Swaraj

• Congress session presided over by Jawaharlal Nehru
• Declared Purna Swaraj (complete independence) as the goal of Congress
• January 26, 1930 declared as Independence Day (later became Republic Day)
• Tricolour flag unfurled
• This was a shift from earlier demands for Dominion Status

🧂 Dandi March (March 12 – April 6, 1930)

• Gandhi marched 241 miles from Sabarmati Ashram (Ahmedabad) to Dandi (Gujarat coast)
• Duration: 24 days (March 12 to April 6, 1930)
• On April 6, Gandhi made salt from seawater — defying the Salt Law
• This sparked the Civil Disobedience Movement across India
• 78 volunteers accompanied Gandhi on the march
• The march was covered by international press — worldwide attention

🚫 Civil Disobedience Movement (1930–1934)

• Nationwide movement — boycott of British goods; non-payment of taxes; violation of salt law
• Women participated in large numbers for the first time
• Peasants refused to pay land revenue
• Tribal people in NWFP (Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan — “Frontier Gandhi”) participated
• British arrested ~90,000 people

🤝 Gandhi-Irwin Pact (March 5, 1931)

• Signed between Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin
• Gandhi agreed to suspend the Civil Disobedience Movement
• British agreed to:
  • Release political prisoners (except those convicted of violence)
  • Allow salt manufacture near the sea
  • Return confiscated properties
• Gandhi attended the Second Round Table Conference in London (1931) — inconclusive

🤝 Poona Pact (September 1932)

• British announced Communal Award — separate electorates for Dalits
• Gandhi fasted unto death against separate electorates for Dalits
• Agreement between Gandhi and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
• Separate electorates for Dalits replaced by reserved seats in general electorates
• Signed at Yerwada Jail, Pune