π Topic 03 of 6 Β· Chapter 12 Β· World Political Geography
International Boundaries & Lines of the World
Durand Line, Radcliffe Line, McMahon Line, 38th Parallel, LoC, LAC β complete notes for UPSC & PSC exams.
π Important International Boundary Lines
| Line | Between | Drawn By / Year | Key Facts |
|---|---|---|---|
| Durand Line | Pakistan β Afghanistan | Sir Mortimer Durand, 1893 | 2,640 km; disputed by Afghanistan; Taliban does not recognise it |
| Radcliffe Line | India β Pakistan / India β Bangladesh | Sir Cyril Radcliffe, 1947 | Drawn during Partition; divides Punjab and Bengal |
| McMahon Line | India β China (Arunachal Pradesh) | Sir Henry McMahon, 1914 | Simla Convention; China does not recognise it |
| Line of Control (LoC) | India β Pakistan (Kashmir) | Simla Agreement, 1972 | De facto border in Kashmir; ~740 km long |
| Line of Actual Control (LAC) | India β China | After 1962 war | De facto border; not clearly demarcated; source of disputes |
| 38th Parallel | North Korea β South Korea | Post-WWII, 1945 | Divides Korean Peninsula; DMZ (Demilitarised Zone) |
| 17th Parallel | North Vietnam β South Vietnam | Geneva Accords, 1954 | Divided Vietnam; reunified in 1975 |
| Maginot Line | France β Germany | France, 1930s | French defensive fortification; bypassed by Germany in WWII |
| Hindenburg Line | Germany β Poland | WWI | German defensive line in WWI |
β Key Facts β Boundaries:
β’ Durand Line = Pakistan-Afghanistan = 1893 = Sir Mortimer Durand
β’ Radcliffe Line = India-Pakistan/Bangladesh = 1947 = Partition
β’ McMahon Line = India-China (Arunachal) = 1914 = China disputes it
β’ LoC = India-Pakistan (Kashmir) = Simla Agreement 1972
β’ 38th Parallel = North Korea-South Korea boundary
β’ Durand Line = Pakistan-Afghanistan = 1893 = Sir Mortimer Durand
β’ Radcliffe Line = India-Pakistan/Bangladesh = 1947 = Partition
β’ McMahon Line = India-China (Arunachal) = 1914 = China disputes it
β’ LoC = India-Pakistan (Kashmir) = Simla Agreement 1972
β’ 38th Parallel = North Korea-South Korea boundary