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INS Malwan: Indigenous ASW Craft Boosts Navy

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Why in News?

The Indian Navy has received ‘Malwan’, the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC), built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL). This induction significantly enhances India’s coastal security and underwater surveillance capabilities.

ins malwan

What is ASW SWC ‘Malwan’?

  • Malwan is an indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft
  • Designed for:
    • Detecting and neutralizing enemy submarines
    • Operations in shallow coastal waters (littoral zones)

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INS Aridhaman: India’s 3rd Nuclear Submarine

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Why in News?

India has achieved another milestone in its strategic defence capability with the commissioning of INS Aridhaman, its third nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine (SSBN).

ins aridhaman

INS Aridhaman:

  • INS Aridhaman (S4) is India’s third indigenously developed SSBN.
  • It is part of the Arihant-class submarines.
  • Developed under the Advanced Technology Vessel (ATV) project.
  • Represents a major advancement in indigenous defence technology.

What is India’s SSBN Programme?

India’s SSBN Programme is a highly classified, indigenous project aimed at constructing nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) to establish a credible, sea-based second-strike capability.  

  • SSBN stands for ship submersible ballistic nuclear or nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines.

Current Status of India’s SSBN Fleet (as of April 2026):

  • INS Arihant (S2): Commissioned in 2016.
  • INS Arighaat (S3): Commissioned in August 2024.
  • INS Aridhaman (S4): Commissioned in April 2026.
  • S4 (likely INS Arisudan):* Currently undergoing sea trials, expected commissioning in 2027
https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/indias-new-nuclear-powered-submarine-ins-aridhaman-commissioned/article70819744.ece: INS Aridhaman: India’s 3rd Nuclear Submarine

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INS Taragiri Commissioned: Boost to India’s Naval Power

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Why in News?

The INS Taragiri (F41) is the newest stealth guided-missile frigate of the Indian Navy, commissioned at the Naval Dockyard in Visakhapatnam

ins taragiri

INS Taragiri – Key Highlights

  • INS Taragiri (F41) is the fourth ship under the Project 17A (Nilgiri-class).
  • It is a stealth guided-missile frigate designed for advanced naval warfare.
  • Built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders Limited (MDL), Mumbai.
  • Commissioned at the Eastern Naval Command, Visakhapatnam.

What is Project 17A?

Project 17A (P17A) involves the construction of seven advanced Nilgiri-class stealth guided-missile frigates for the Indian Navy, designed for improved stealth, survivability, and combat capability. Built by Mazagon Dock Shipbuilders (MDL) and Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE),

Project 17A Vessels:

  • INS Nilgiri: First of class.
  • INS Himgiri: Built by GRSE.
  • INS Udaygiri: Built by MDL.
  • INS Taragiri: Commissioned April 2026.
  • INS Dunagiri: Delivered to the Indian Navy.
  • INS Vindhyagiri: Launched by GRSE.
  • Mahendragiri: Seventh frigate
https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2248799&reg=3&lang=1: INS Taragiri Commissioned: Boost to India’s Naval Power

INS Taragiri Commissioned: Boost to India’s Naval Power Read More »

INS Arnala Commissioned: India’s First Indigenous ASW Shallow Watercraft Explained

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Indian Navy has commissioned INS Arnala, the first indigenously designed Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Watercraft (ASW-SWC)

ins arnala

INS Arnala

  • INS Arnala is:
    • India’s first indigenous ASW Shallow Watercraft (ASW-SWC)
    • Designed for anti-submarine operations in shallow waters
  • Built by:
    • Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers (GRSE)
    • In collaboration with Larsen & Toubro (L&T)
  • Significance:
    • Enhances coastal defence capability
    • Strengthens indigenous shipbuilding capacity
https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2137263&reg=3&lang=2: INS Arnala Commissioned: India’s First Indigenous ASW Shallow Watercraft Explained

INS Arnala Commissioned: India’s First Indigenous ASW Shallow Watercraft Explained Read More »

Agni-III Missile Test 2026: Range, Features & Strategic Forces Command Explained

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India successfully test-fired the Agni-III intermediate-range ballistic missile (IRBM).

agni iii missile test

Agni-III

Type: Intermediate-Range Ballistic Missile (IRBM)

Range: Approximately 3,000–3,500 km Capable of targeting deep regions in South and East Asia

Payload Capacity:

  • Up to 1.5 tonnes
  • Can carry conventional or nuclear warheads

Propulsion:

  • Two-stage solid fuel missile
  • Enables quick launch and higher reliability

Strategic Forces Command:

  • Strategic Forces Command (SFC) manages India’s nuclear weapons arsenal.
  • It operates under the Nuclear Command Authority (NCA).

Three-Tier Structure

  1. Political Council
    • Chaired by the Prime Minister
    • Sole authority to order nuclear strike
  2. Executive Council
    • Chaired by the National Security Advisor (NSA)
    • Provides inputs and executes decisions
  3. Strategic Forces Command (SFC)
    • Headed by a Commander-in-Chief (3-star officer)
    • Responsible for operational deployment of nuclear forces
https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2224636&reg=3&lang=1: Agni-III Missile Test 2026: Range, Features & Strategic Forces Command Explained

Agni-III Missile Test 2026: Range, Features & Strategic Forces Command Explained Read More »

AS-HAPS Approved by DAC: High Altitude Pseudo Satellites for Indian Air Force Explained

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e Defence Acquisition Council (DAC) has approved the induction of Airship-Based High Altitude Pseudo Satellites (AS-HAPS) for the Indian Air Force.

as haps

Key Highlights:

AS-HAPS (Airship-Based High Altitude Pseudo Satellites) operate in the stratosphere, bridging the gap between UAVs and satellites. They are

  • Solar-powered, unmanned aerial platforms
  • Operate in the stratosphere (18–25 km above Earth)

They act as an intermediate system between:

  • UAVs (drones) – lower altitude, short endurance
  • Satellites – high altitude, expensive

Key Advantages:

  • Long endurance (can stay operational for extended periods)
  • Cost-effective compared to satellites
https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2227018&reg=6&lang=1: AS-HAPS Approved by DAC: High Altitude Pseudo Satellites for Indian Air Force Explained

AS-HAPS Approved by DAC: High Altitude Pseudo Satellites for Indian Air Force Explained Read More »

INS Krishna Cadet Training Ship: Indian Navy’s Indigenous ‘Floating Classroom’ for Officer Training

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Why in News?

Indian Navy has unveiled INS Krishna, the first indigenous Cadet Training Ship (CTS).

ins krishna
  • INS Krishna (Yard 18003) is the first of three Cadet Training Ships.
  • Designed and built by Larsen & Toubro (L&T).
  • Launched at Kattupalli Shipyard, Chennai.
  • Purpose: To act as a “floating classroom” for naval cadets.
  • Part of India’s push for: Indigenisation in defence manufacturing
https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2228944&reg=3&lang=2: INS Krishna Cadet Training Ship: Indian Navy’s Indigenous ‘Floating Classroom’ for Officer Training

INS Krishna Cadet Training Ship: Indian Navy’s Indigenous ‘Floating Classroom’ for Officer Training Read More »

Indian Army Day: January 15

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Why in News?

Indian Army Day is observed on January 15 every year to honor the bravery, discipline, and sacrifice of Indian soldiers.

indian army day

Historical Significance:

On January 15, 1949,

  • Lieutenant General K.M. Cariappa became the first Indian Commander-in-Chief of the Indian Army

He succeeded:

  • General Sir Francis Roy Bucher (last British Commander)
Exam Tips

January 15 → Indian Army Day

December 4 → Indian Navy Day

  • Commemorates Operation Trident (1971 Indo-Pak War)

October 8 → Indian Air Force Day

  • Marks the establishment of the Indian Air Force in 1932
https://www.indiatoday.in/information/story/indian-army-day-2026-check-date-theme-history-and-significance-2852222-2026-01-15: Indian Army Day: January 15

Indian Army Day: January 15 Read More »

India–Germany Submarine Deal under Project-75I

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Why in News?

India and Germany are in the final stages of negotiations for a major submarine deal under Project-75I.

submarine

Key Highlights

Project-75 (India), or P-75(I), is a major Indian Navy program to indigenously build six advanced conventional diesel-electric attack submarines. 

  • Project Name: Project-75I
  • Total Submarines: 6
  • Estimated Cost: $8 billion
  • Foreign Partner: Germany.
  • Equipped with Air Independent Propulsion (AIP)
What is Air Independent Propulsion (AIP)?

A technology that allows submarines to operate without surfacing for oxygen Enhances:

  • Stealth capability
  • Underwater endurance

Critical for non-nuclear submarines

Exam Tip:

AIP = Longer underwater stay without oxygen

India–Germany Submarine Deal under Project-75I Read More »

Mission Sudarshan Chakra: India Building Counter-Drone Grid

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Why in News?

India is developing a joint Counter Unmanned Aerial Systems (CUAS) grid to tackle rising threats from hostile and rogue drones. This initiative is part of the broader Mission Sudarshan Chakra, aimed at strengthening India’s air defence network.

mission sudarshan chakra

Mission Sudarshan Chakra:

Mission Sudarshan Chakra is a comprehensive 10-year national security initiative launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 15, 2025, during the 79th Independence Day address. It aims to build an indigenous, AI-enabled, multi-layered air and missile defence shield for India by 2035.

It consists of Multi-Layer Interceptor Systems. They are

  • Project Kusha: An indigenous Long-Range Surface-to-Air Missile (LRSAM) system featuring three missile variants—M1 (150 km), M2 (250 km), and M3 (350–400 km)—designed to rival the S-400.
  • Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD): A two-tier system for tracking and destroying ballistic missiles both inside (endo) and outside (exo) the atmosphere.
  • Integrated Air Defence Weapon System (IADWS): A tactical layer consisting of QRSAM (Quick Reaction SAM), VSHORADS (Very Short Range), and 5 kW laser-based Directed Energy Weapons (DEW).
Exam Tip:

Mission Sudarshan Chakra = India’s version of multi-layered air defence shield

https://indianexpress.com/article/india/drdo-air-defence-system-mission-sudarshan-chakra-10208827/: Mission Sudarshan Chakra: India Building Counter-Drone Grid

Mission Sudarshan Chakra: India Building Counter-Drone Grid Read More »

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