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Practice Questions on Biology Human Body

Biology human body practice questions are important for UPSC, APPSC, TGPSC and other competitive exams. These questions cover the digestive system, respiratory system, nervous system, circulatory system and human organs for quick revision.

1. How many bones are in the adult human body?

 
 
 
 

2. Which blood group is known as universal donor?

 
 
 
 

3. What is the normal human body temperature?

 
 
 
 

4. Which organ is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

 
 
 
 

5. How many chambers does the human heart have?

 
 
 
 

6. Which blood group is known as universal recipient?

 
 
 
 

7. What is the largest gland in the human body?

 
 
 
 

8. How many pairs of chromosomes do humans have?

 
 
 
 

9. Which vitamin is produced by sunlight on skin?

 
 
 
 

10. What is the functional unit of kidney?

 
 
 
 

11. Which part of brain controls balance?

 
 
 
 

12. What is the normal blood pressure?

 
 
 
 

13. Which cells fight infection in the body?

 
 
 
 

14. What is the largest artery in the body?

 
 
 
 

15. Which organ produces insulin?

 
 
 
 

16. How many lobes are in the right lung?

 
 
 
 

17. What is the pH of human blood?

 
 
 
 

18. Which vitamin is essential for blood clotting?

 
 
 
 

19. What is the smallest bone in human body?

 
 
 
 

20. Which organ filters blood?

 
 
 
 

21. How much blood is in average adult human?

 
 
 
 

22. Which part of eye controls amount of light entering?

 
 
 
 

23. What is the master gland of the body?

 
 
 
 

24. Which muscle is the strongest in human body?

 
 
 
 

25. What is the normal heart rate for adults?

 
 
 
 

26. Which vitamin deficiency causes scurvy?

 
 
 
 

27. What is the largest part of the brain?

 
 
 
 

28. Which cells carry oxygen in blood?

 
 
 
 

29. What is the function of hemoglobin?

 
 
 
 

30. Which organ produces bile?

 
 
 
 

31. How many teeth does an adult human have?

 
 
 
 

32. Which hormone regulates blood sugar?

 
 
 
 

33. What is the covering of lungs called?

 
 
 
 

34. Which vitamin deficiency causes night blindness?

 
 
 
 

35. What is the longest bone in human body?

 
 
 
 

36. Which part of digestive system absorbs most nutrients?

 
 
 
 

37. What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?

 
 
 
 

38. Which gland is affected in diabetes?

 
 
 
 

39. What is the function of platelets?

 
 
 
 

40. Which organ detoxifies blood?

 
 
 
 

41. What is the covering of heart called?

 
 
 
 

42. Which vitamin is essential for calcium absorption?

 
 
 
 

43. What is the functional unit of lungs?

 
 
 
 

44. Which part of brain controls breathing?

 
 
 
 

45. What is the largest vein in the body?

 
 
 
 

46. Which hormone is called fight or flight hormone?

 
 
 
 

47. What is the normal lifespan of RBC?

 
 
 
 

48. Which organ stores bile?

 
 
 
 

49. What is the chemical name for vitamin C?

 
 
 
 


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Chemistry Basic Concepts Practice Questions

Chemistry Basic Concepts practice questions are important for UPSC, APPSC, TGPSC and other competitive exams. These questions cover atoms, molecules, acids, bases, chemical reactions, elements and compounds for quick revision.

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Physics Basic Concepts Practice Questions

Physics Basic Concepts practice questions are important for UPSC, APPSC, TGPSC and other competitive exams. These questions cover force, motion, energy, laws of motion, electricity, magnetism and basic physics principles for quick revision.

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Skyroot Becomes India’s 1st Space-Tech Unicorn

Why in News?

Skyroot Aerospace Unicorn 2026 gained attention after the Hyderabad-based startup achieved a valuation of $1.1 billion following a fresh funding round of nearly $60 million. The milestone comes weeks before the expected launch of Vikram-1, India’s first privately developed orbital rocket.

SKyroot aerospace unicorn

Key Facts About Skyroot Aerospace Unicorn 2026

AspectDetails
CompanySkyroot Aerospace
HeadquartersHyderabad
Valuation$1.1 billion
Fresh Funding RaisedNearly $60 million
Status AchievedIndia’s first space-tech unicorn
Upcoming MissionVikram-1 orbital rocket launch
Launch SiteSatish Dhawan Space Centre (SHAR)
Rocket Series Named AfterDr. Vikram Sarabhai

Vikram Series of Launch Vehicles

VehicleTypeKey Details
Vikram-SSub-orbital rocketFirst privately developed Indian rocket to reach space in November 2022
Vikram-1Orbital launch vehicleMaiden flight expected in mid-2026
Vikram-2Heavy-lift launch vehicleDesigned for 1-tonne payload to Low Earth Orbit by 2027

Significance of Skyroot Aerospace Unicorn 2026

The emergence of Skyroot as India’s first space-tech startup unicorn demonstrates the success of India’s space sector liberalisation. It reflects growing investor confidence in indigenous launch technology and commercial space missions.

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Why are BrahMos Missile Talks 2026 Significant?

Why in News?

BrahMos Missile Talks 2026 came into focus during the state visit of Vietnamese President To Lam to India. The Indian government officially confirmed that discussions are underway regarding the possible sale of the BrahMos supersonic cruise missile system to Vietnam.

BrahMos Missile

Key Facts About BrahMos Missile Talks 2026

AspectDetails
Missile NameBrahMos Supersonic Cruise Missile
Developed ByDRDO (India) and NPO Mashinostroyenia (Russia)
Missile TypeMedium-range supersonic cruise missile
SpeedMach 2.8–3.0
Current TalksIndia and Vietnam discussing possible export deal
First Foreign BuyerPhilippines in 2024
Launch PlatformsLand, sea, submarine, and air
Name OriginBrahmaputra River + Moskva River

Key Features of BrahMos Missile

FeatureDescription
PropulsionTwo-stage propulsion system
First StageSolid propellant booster
Second StageLiquid-fuel ramjet engine
Original Range290 km
Extended Range Versions450 km, 500 km, and 800+ km
GuidancePrecision-guided strike capability

Significance of BrahMos Missile Talks 2026

The proposed BrahMos deal would strengthen Vietnam’s maritime deterrence capability in the South China Sea region. It also enhances India’s image as a reliable supplier of advanced military technology.

Quick Revision Points

  • BrahMos Missile Talks 2026 involve India and Vietnam.
  • BrahMos developed jointly by DRDO and NPO Mashinostroyenia.
  • Missile speed: Mach 2.8–3.0.
  • Original BrahMos range limited to 290 km.
  • Extended-range variants exceed 800 km.
  • Philippines became first foreign buyer in 2024.
  • BrahMos named after Brahmaputra and Moskva rivers.
  • BrahMos is a supersonic cruise missile system.

Practice MCQs

Q1. BrahMos missile is jointly developed by India and which country?
a) France
b) Russia
c) Israel
d) USA

Answer: (b) Russia — BrahMos is a joint venture between DRDO and Russia’s NPO Mashinostroyenia.

Q2. What is the approximate speed of the BrahMos missile?
a) Mach 0.8
b) Mach 1.2
c) Mach 2.8–3.0
d) Mach 5.0

Answer: (c) Mach 2.8–3.0 — BrahMos is among the fastest operational supersonic cruise missiles.

Q3. Which country became the first foreign customer of BrahMos in 2024?
a) Vietnam
b) Indonesia
c) Philippines
d) Japan

Answer: (c) Philippines — The Philippines purchased the shore-based BrahMos variant.

Q4. The name BrahMos is derived from which rivers?
a) Ganga and Volga
b) Brahmaputra and Moskva
c) Indus and Danube
d) Yamuna and Neva

Answer: (b) Brahmaputra and Moskva — The missile’s name combines rivers from India and Russia.

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What is TARA Glide Weapon tested recently by DRDO?

Why in News?

DRDO and the Indian Air Force (IAF) successfully conducted the maiden flight trial of the TARA Glide Weapon 2026.

  • The system is India’s first indigenous glide weapon capable of converting conventional unguided warheads into precision-guided weapons. The trial marks a major advancement in India’s indigenous defence technology and tactical strike capability.
TARA Glide Weapon

Key Facts about TARA

AspectDetails
Full FormTactical Advanced Range Augmentation (TARA)
Developed ByDRDO
User AgencyIndian Air Force (IAF)
TypeIndigenous glide weapon system
PurposeConverts unguided warheads into precision-guided weapons
Maximum Range80 km
Launch Altitude10 to 45,000 feet
Weight Variants250 kg, 450 kg, 500 kg
Target TypeGround-based targets

Significance of TARA Glide Weapon

The TARA Glide Weapon 2026 strengthens India’s indigenous defence manufacturing capabilities under the Atmanirbhar Bharat initiative. The system enhances stand-off strike capability by enabling aircraft to hit targets from safer distances. It also reduces dependence on imported precision-guided munitions.

Quick Revision Points-TARA

  • TARA stands for Tactical Advanced Range Augmentation
  • Developed by DRDO
  • Tested jointly with the Indian Air Force
  • India’s first indigenous glide weapon system
  • Maximum operational range of 80 km
  • Launch altitude between 10 and 45,000 feet
  • Available in 250 kg, 450 kg, and 500 kg variants
  • Converts unguided warheads into precision-guided weapons

Practice MCQs

Q1. TARA glide weapon system was developed by:
a) ISRO
b) HAL
c) DRDO
d) BEL

Answer: (c) — DRDO developed the TARA glide weapon system.

Q2. The primary purpose of TARA is to:
a) Intercept ballistic missiles
b) Convert unguided warheads into precision-guided weapons
c) Launch satellites
d) Detect submarines

Answer: (b) — TARA converts conventional unguided warheads into precision-guided weapons.

Q3. What is the maximum range of the TARA glide weapon system?
a) 40 km
b) 60 km
c) 80 km
d) 120 km

Answer: (c) — TARA can strike targets up to 80 km away.

Q4. TARA glide weapon can be launched from a maximum altitude of:
a) 20,000 feet
b) 30,000 feet
c) 40,000 feet
d) 45,000 feet

Answer: (d) — The system supports launch altitudes up to 45,000 feet.

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Why is Mee Intiki Mee Doctor 2026 Significant?

Andhra Pradesh Governor launched the Mee Intiki – Mee Doctor 2026 initiative on May 8, 2026 during the observance of World Red Cross Day and World Thalassemia Day.

  • The programme aims to provide doorstep healthcare services to poor families living in inaccessible regions of the State.
  • The project targets vulnerable groups including pregnant women, children aged 0–6 years, and bedridden persons unable to visit health centres
Mee Intiki – Mee Doctor 2026

Key Details of the Programme

AspectDetails
ProgrammeMee Intiki – Mee Doctor
Launch OccasionWorld Red Cross Day & World Thalassemia Day
Launch DateMay 8, 2026
ObjectiveProvide primary healthcare at doorstep
Target BeneficiariesPoor families in remote and inaccessible areas
Coverage Target5 lakh families
Duration3 years
District Coverage7 districts
Focus GroupsPregnant women, children (0–6 years), bedridden persons

Constitutional and Health Background

Public Health in India

Constitutional ProvisionDetails
State List – Entry 6 (Seventh Schedule)Public health and sanitation fall under the jurisdiction of States
Article 47Directs the State to improve public health and nutrition levels
Related Health MissionNational Health Mission (NHM) supports accessible healthcare delivery

What is Thalassemia?

Thalassemia is an inherited blood disorder in which the body produces insufficient or abnormal hemoglobin. This reduces oxygen transport in blood and leads to anemia, fatigue, and weakness.

FeatureDetails
TypeGenetic blood disorder
Main CauseAbnormal hemoglobin production
Major ImpactAnemia and reduced oxygen supply
Observance DayWorld Thalassemia Day – May 8

About World Red Cross Day

World Red Cross and Red Crescent Day is observed every year on May 8 to commemorate the birth anniversary of Henry Dunant, founder of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and recipient of the first Nobel Peace Prize.

Quick Revision Points

  • Mee Intiki – Mee Doctor launched in Andhra Pradesh
  • Programme launched on May 8, 2026
  • Linked with World Red Cross Day
  • Linked with World Thalassemia Day
  • Targets 5 lakh poor families
  • Covers 7 districts over 3 years
  • Focus on pregnant women and children aged 0–6 years
  • Article 47 relates to improvement of public health

Practice MCQs

Q1. Mee Intiki – Mee Doctor initiative was launched in which state?
a) Telangana
b) Karnataka
c) Andhra Pradesh
d) Tamil Nadu

Answer: (c) — The programme was launched by the Andhra Pradesh Governor.

Q2. World Red Cross Day is observed annually on:
a) April 7
b) May 8
c) June 5
d) July 11

Answer: (b) — It commemorates the birth anniversary of Henry Dunant.

Q3. Thalassemia mainly affects which component of the body?
a) Liver enzymes
b) Hemoglobin production
c) Bone density
d) Blood sugar

Answer: (b) — Thalassemia is an inherited disorder affecting hemoglobin production.

Q4. Which Article of the Constitution directs the State to improve public health?
a) Article 32
b) Article 21
c) Article 47
d) Article 51A

Answer: (c) — Article 47 is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy.

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Centre Extends Balakrishnan Commission on SC Status for Dalit Converts

Why in News?

The Union Government has extended the tenure of the Commission of Inquiry headed by former Chief Justice of India K G Balakrishnan for the third time. The commission was constituted in October 2022 to examine whether Scheduled Caste status should be extended to Dalits who convert to religions other than Hinduism, Sikhism, or Buddhism.

Key Facts About the Commission

AspectDetails
Commission HeadJustice K G Balakrishnan, former Chief Justice of India
ConstitutedOctober 2022
PurposeExamine extension of SC status to converted Dalits
Current ExtensionThird extension granted by Centre
Concerned CommunitiesDalits converted to Christianity or Islam
Legal Basis Under ReviewConstitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950
Ministry InvolvedMinistry of Social Justice and Empowerment

Constitutional and Statutory Background

Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950

The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 was issued under Article 341 of the Constitution. Paragraph 3 of the Order restricts Scheduled Caste recognition to persons professing Hinduism, Sikhism, or Buddhism.

AmendmentChange Introduced
1950 OrderSC status limited to Hindus
1956 AmendmentSikhs included in SC category
1990 AmendmentBuddhists included in SC category

Under the present legal framework, Dalits converting to Christianity or Islam lose eligibility for SC reservation benefits. The Balakrishnan Commission is examining whether this restriction violates constitutional principles of equality and social justice.

SC Status for Dalit Converts 2026

Difference Between SC and ST Status

FeatureScheduled Castes (SC)Scheduled Tribes (ST)
Linked to ReligionYesGenerally No
Constitutional ProvisionArticle 341Article 342
Effect of Religious ConversionSC status may ceaseST status usually continues
Basis of RecognitionHistorical untouchabilityTribal identity and customs

Unlike SC status, Scheduled Tribe recognition is generally not tied to religion. An ST individual may continue to retain tribal status after conversion unless community recognition and tribal customs are completely abandoned.

Quick Revision Points

  • Justice K G Balakrishnan heads the commission.
  • Commission constituted in October 2022.
  • SC status governed under Article 341.
  • Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order, 1950 restricts SC status by religion.
  • Sikhs added to SC list in 1956.
  • Buddhists included in 1990.
  • ST status governed under Article 342.
  • SC Status for Dalit Converts 2026 concerns Dalits converted to Christianity and Islam.

Previous Year Questions (PYQs)

  1. (UPSC Prelims 2012): With reference to the Constitution of India, consider the following:
    • The Constitution empowers the President to specify Scheduled Castes.
    • Parliament can modify the list of Scheduled Castes.
    Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
  2. (UPSC Mains 2016): Discuss the role of affirmative action in addressing social discrimination in India.
  3. (For Practice): Examine the constitutional issues involved in the debate on SC Status for Dalit Converts 2026.

Practice MCQs

Q1. Under which Article are Scheduled Castes specified in India?
a) Article 340
b) Article 341
c) Article 342
d) Article 343

Answer: (b) — Article 341 empowers the President to specify Scheduled Castes.

Q2. The Constitution (Scheduled Castes) Order originally restricted SC status to which religion?
a) Hinduism
b) Sikhism
c) Buddhism
d) Christianity

Answer: (a) — The 1950 Order initially limited SC status to Hindus only.

Q3. In which year were Buddhists included in the Scheduled Caste category?
a) 1956
b) 1976
c) 1990
d) 2001

Answer: (c) — Buddhists were included through the 1990 amendment.

Q4. Which former Chief Justice of India heads the present commission on Dalit converts?
a) N V Ramana
b) U U Lalit
c) K G Balakrishnan
d) R M Lodha

Answer: (c) — The commission is chaired by Justice K G Balakrishnan.

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Why is Kalyana Laxmi Scheme 2026 in News? (key facts)

Andhra Pradesh government has announced the launch of the Kalyana Laxmi Scheme 2026 for DWCRA women.

  • The scheme aims to provide low-interest financial assistance for daughters’ marriage expenses.
  • It will be implemented through SERP and Stree Nidhi with budgetary support from the State government.
Kalyana Laxmi scheme

Key Facts:

FeatureDetails
Scheme NameKalyana Laxmi Scheme 2026
StateAndhra Pradesh
BeneficiariesDWCRA women
PurposeFinancial support for daughters’ marriage expenses
Loan Amount₹10,000 to ₹1,00,000
Interest Rate4% annual interest (Pavala Vaddi)
Repayment PeriodUp to 48 monthly installments
Implementing AgenciesSociety for Elimination of Rural Poverty (SERP) and Stree Nidhi
Budget Allocation₹250 crore
Financial Year2026–27
Expected Beneficiaries25,000 women

Significance of the Scheme

The scheme is aimed at improving financial access for DWCRA women by providing affordable credit support. The Pavala Vaddi loans under the Kalyana Laxmi Scheme 2026 may reduce dependence on informal borrowing for marriage-related expenses.

Quick Revision Points

  • Andhra Pradesh announced the Kalyana Laxmi Scheme 2026
  • Scheme targets DWCRA women
  • Loan amount ranges from ₹10,000 to ₹1,00,000
  • Interest rate fixed at 4% annually
  • Repayment allowed in 48 monthly installments
  • Implemented through SERP Andhra Pradesh and Stree Nidhi
  • Budget allocation for 2026–27 is ₹250 crore
  • Scheme aims to benefit 25,000 beneficiaries

Practice MCQs

  1. The Kalyana Laxmi Scheme 2026 in Andhra Pradesh is primarily intended for:
    A. Farmers
    B. Students
    C. DWCRA women
    D. Senior citizens
  2. What is the annual interest rate under the Kalyana Laxmi Scheme 2026?
    A. 2%
    B. 4%
    C. 6%
    D. 8%
  3. Which agencies will implement the Kalyana Laxmi Scheme 2026?
    A. NABARD and RBI
    B. DRDO and ISRO
    C. SERP and Stree Nidhi
    D. SIDBI and SEBI
  4. What is the maximum repayment period under the scheme?
    A. 24 months
    B. 36 months
    C. 48 months
    D. 60 months

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Why is the International Big Cat Alliance Summit in News?

India will host the inaugural International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) Summit from June 1–3, 2026 in New Delhi. Around 95 countries are expected to participate in the event.

  • The International Big Cat Alliance Summit is likely to adopt the first-ever global declaration on big cat conservation, called the Delhi Declaration.
  • The declaration aims to strengthen international cooperation, encourage landscape-based conservation, and improve protection of big cat habitats across borders.
International Big cat alliance summit

What is the International Big Cat Alliance Summit?

The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is a treaty-based intergovernmental organisation headquartered in New Delhi. It was established to promote global cooperation for the conservation of seven major big cat species.

Big Cat Species Covered Under IBCA

Big Cat SpeciesScientific/Regional Importance
TigerIndia hosts the world’s largest tiger population
LionAsiatic lions found mainly in Gujarat
LeopardWidely distributed across Asia and Africa
Snow LeopardFound in Himalayan regions
CheetahReintroduced in India under Project Cheetah
JaguarNative to the Americas
PumaAlso known as cougar or mountain lion

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

What is the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA)?

The IBCA is a treaty-based intergovernmental organisation headquartered in New Delhi that focuses on global conservation of seven major big cat species.

Which animals are covered under IBCA?

Tiger, Lion, Leopard, Snow Leopard, Cheetah, Jaguar, and Puma are covered under the alliance.

What is the Delhi Declaration?

The Delhi Declaration is a proposed global declaration on big cat conservation expected to be adopted during the 2026 IBCA Summit.

Where is the IBCA headquartered?

The headquarters of the IBCA is located in New Delhi, India.

Why are big cats important for biodiversity conservation?

Big cats are apex predators and umbrella species. Their conservation helps protect forests, ecosystems, and other wildlife species.

Practice Questions

  1. Which of the following species is NOT covered under the International Big Cat Alliance?
    a) Jaguar
    b) Puma
    c) Wolf
    d) Snow Leopard
  2. The headquarters of the International Big Cat Alliance is located in:
    a) Nairobi
    b) Geneva
    c) New Delhi
    d) Kathmandu
  3. What is the proposed declaration expected from the inaugural IBCA Summit?
    a) Rio Declaration
    b) Delhi Declaration
    c) Kyoto Declaration
    d) Nairobi Protocol
  4. Which ministry-related theme is most associated with the International Big Cat Alliance?
    a) Renewable Energy
    b) Wildlife Conservation
    c) Maritime Security
    d) Space Research

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