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April 2026 current affairs

India Targets 100 GW Nuclear Power by 2047

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, Environment and Ecology Current Affairs /

Why in News?

India has announced plan to expand its nuclear power capacity from 8.8 GW to 100 GW by 2047, aiming for over a ten-fold increase. This move is crucial for achieving energy security and climate goals

small modular reactor

Strategic Pillars to Achieve the Target

1. National Nuclear Energy Mission

  • Introduced in Union Budget 2025–26
  • Allocation: β‚Ή20,000 crore
  • Focus: Development of indigenous nuclear technologies

2. Small Modular Reactors (SMRs)

  • Target: At least 5 indigenous SMRs by 2033
  • Key innovation in nuclear sector

What are SMRs?

  • Capacity: Up to 300 MW per module
  • About 1/3rd size of traditional reactors
Features of SMRs
  • Compact Size
    • Suitable for smaller or remote locations
  • Modular Construction
    • Factory-built components β†’ faster installation
    • Construction time: 3–5 years (vs 10+ years for large plants)
  • Passive Safety Systems
    • Uses natural forces (gravity, convection)
    • No need for active cooling systems during emergencies

3. Private Sector Participation

  • Proposed reforms in:
    • Atomic Energy Act
    • Civil Liability for Nuclear Damage Act
  • Objective:
    • Encourage private investment
    • Promote global partnerships

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India–China Resume SCO Engagement After Ladakh De-escalation

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Why in News?

After a phase of tensions along the Ladakh border, India and China have resumed bilateral engagement under the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

shanghai cooperation organisation

Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO)

The Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) is a major regional organization focusing on security, economic cooperation, and regional stability.

Basic Facts

  • Founded: June 15, 2001 (Shanghai, China)
  • Headquarters: Beijing, China
  • Official Languages: Russian and Chinese

Evolution and Membership

  • Originated from Shanghai Five (1996):
    • China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan
  • Current Members (2026): 10 countries
    • Founding members +
    • India & Pakistan (2017)
    • Iran (2023)
    • Belarus (2024)

Organizational Structure

  • Council of Heads of State
    • Highest decision-making body
  • Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure (RATS)
    • Located in Tashkent
    • Focuses on counter-terrorism and security cooperation

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Harivansh Gets Third Term as Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairman

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Why in News?

Harivansh Narayan Singh has been elected unopposed as the Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha for a third consecutive term. This marks a historic moment as he becomes the first nominated member to hold this position.

harivansh narayan singh

Deputy Chairman of the Rajya SabhaΒ 

The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is a constitutional position established underΒ Article 89Β of the Indian Constitution. Unlike the Chairman (the Vice-President), who is anΒ ex-officioΒ presiding officer and not a member of the House, the Deputy Chairman isΒ elected by the Rajya Sabha from amongst its own members

  • Election:Β Members of the Rajya Sabha elect the Deputy Chairman from among themselves by aΒ simple majorityΒ (majority of members present and voting).
  • Tenure:Β The term is generally co-terminus with their membership in the Rajya Sabha (usuallyΒ 6 years).
  • Vacation of Office:Β According toΒ Article 90, the office becomes vacant if the holder:
    • Ceases to be a member of the Rajya Sabha.
    • Resigns by writing to the Chairman.
    • Is removed by a resolution passed by anΒ effective majorityΒ (majority of all theΒ thenΒ members) after a 14-day notice

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Lok Sabha Rejects 131st Amendment Bill-2026

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Why in News?

The Lok Sabha recently rejected the 131st Amendment Bill, which proposed increasing the strength of the House and implementing 33% reservation for women. The bill failed as it could not secure the required special majority.

loksabha rejectes delimitation

Key Highlights of the Bill

  • Purpose of the Bill
    • Increase Lok Sabha strength to 850 seats
    • Implement 33% reservation for women before the 2029 general elections
  • Outcome
    • The bill was defeated in Lok Sabha
    • Failed to secure the required special majority
  • Aftermath
    • Government withdrew:
      • Delimitation Bill, 2026
      • Union Territories Laws (Amendment) Bill, 2026

What is Special Majority?

A Special Majority in Parliament refers to a higher level of approval required for important decisions, especially constitutional amendments under Article 368.

  • ItΒ refers toΒ any voting requirement other than simple, absolute, or effective majorities, typically requiring at least a two-thirds majority of members present and voting. I

Delimitation Controversy Explained

What is Delimitation?

  • It is the process of redrawing boundaries of constituencies based on population changes.
  • Usually based on Census data.
Core Issue in This Case
  • The bill linked women’s reservation to a new delimitation exercise based on the 2011 Census.
  • Opposition raised concerns that:
    • Southern states (with controlled population growth) may lose representation
    • Northern states may gain more seats

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AP Animal Shelters Plan 2026: 5 Per District Explained

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Why in News?

Andhra Pradesh government has announced a major initiative to improve animal welfare and public safety by setting up five animal shelters in every district. This step addresses the rising issue of stray and abandoned animals, especially in urban and semi-urban areas

ap map

Key Highlights of the Scheme

  • 5 Shelters per District
    Every district in Andhra Pradesh will have five dedicated animal shelters.
  • Purpose
    • Manage stray, abandoned, and seized animals
    • Reduce road accidents and public safety risks
    • Ensure humane treatment of animals
  • Location
    • Shelters will be set up near constituency headquarters for easy access and monitoring.
  • Funding Source
    • Funded under the Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G RAM G).

What is VB-G RAM G Scheme?

The Viksit Bharat – Guarantee for Rozgar and Ajeevika Mission (Gramin) (VB-G RAM G) is a major rural employment scheme introduced in 2025, replacing the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA).

πŸ“Œ Key Features

  • Increased Employment Guarantee
    • Provides 125 days of wage employment per rural household (earlier 100 days under MGNREGA)
  • Funding Pattern
    • 60:40 (Centre : State)
    • 90:10 for special category states
    • 100% central funding for Union Territories without legislatures
  • Agricultural Pause
    • Introduces a 60-day work pause during peak farming seasons
      πŸ‘‰ Helps prevent labour shortages in agriculture
  • Focus Areas (4 Pillars)
    • Water security
    • Rural infrastructure (linked with PM Gati Shakti)
    • Livelihood assets
    • Climate resilience

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Gerrymandering Explained

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Why in New?

Leaders from parties like Congress and the DMK have accused the government of using the Women’s Reservation Act as a “cover” for gerrymandering.

gerrymandering

Gerrymandering is the practice of manipulating electoral constituency boundaries to favor a particular political party, group, or candidate.

  • It distorts fair representation in elections
  • Often done during the process of delimitation (redrawing constituencies)
  • Undermines the principle of free and fair elections

Types of Gerrymandering

1. Packing

  • Concentrating opposition voters into a few constituencies
  • Example: One party wins overwhelmingly in few seats, wasting votes

2. Cracking

  • Splitting opposition voters across many constituencies
  • Prevents them from forming a majority anywhere

3. Kidnapping

  • Moving a strong opponent’s voters into another constituency
  • Weakens their electoral base

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Women’s Reservation Act 2026: 33% Quota Comes into Force

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Why in News:

The Women’s Reservation Act, 2023 officially came into force on April 16, 2026, marking a major step toward improving women’s representation in Indian politics. This law provides 33% reservation for women in key legislative bodies.

nari shakti vandan adhiniyam

What is the Women’s Reservation Act?

  • The Act is formally known as the Constitution (One Hundred and Sixth Amendment) Act, 2023.
  • Popularly called the Nari Shakti Vandan Adhiniyam.
  • Notified by the Union Ministry of Law and Justice on April 16, 2026.

Key Features of the Act

1. Reservation Provision

  • Provides 33% reservation for women in: Lok sabha and State Legislative Assemblies

2. Exclusions

  • Does NOT apply to: Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Councils (Legislative Council/Upper Houses)

3. Rotation of Seats

  • Reserved seats will rotate after delimitation.
  • Ensures fair distribution of reservation across constituencies.

4. Duration

  • Reservation will be in force for 15 years.
  • Parliament may extend it if required.

5. Implementation Timeline

  • Act passed in 2023.
  • Came into effect on April 16, 2026 through official notification.

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Supreme Court on Ashoka Chakra Guidelines (2026 Explained)

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Why in News?

The Supreme Court of India declined to entertain a petition seeking the formulation of guidelines for displaying the Ashoka Chakra on the national flag. The Court chose not to intervene, indicating no need for additional directions.

ashoka chakra

Key Highlights of the Case

  • The petition requested the Court to direct the Central Government to frame specific rules for the display of the Ashoka Chakra.
  • The Supreme Court refused to entertain the plea.
  • The Court did not find sufficient grounds to issue directions in this matter.
  • Existing provisions under the Flag Code of India already govern the use and display of the national flag

Ashoka Chakra – Key Facts

  • Inspired from the Lion Capital of Ashoka at Sarnath (Mauryan period)
  • Adopted on 22 July 1947.
  • Located at the center of the white band in the Indian National Flag
  • Color: Navy Blue
  • Shape: 24-spoked wheel

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PM MUDRA Yojana 2026: 11 Years completed

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Why in News?

India celebrates 11 years of the Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY), launched on 8 April 2015. The scheme aims to provide collateral-free loans to micro and small businesses, promoting entrepreneurship and financial inclusion.

pm mudra yojana

Pradhan Mantri MUDRA Yojana (PMMY)

  • Launch Date: 8 April 2015
  • Type: Flagship Central Government Scheme
  • Objective: β€œFund the Unfunded”
  • Ministry: Department of Financial Services, Ministry of Finance

Loan Categories under PMMY

Shishu

  • Loan up to β‚Ή50,000
  • For new or early-stage entrepreneurs

Kishore

  • Loan from β‚Ή50,001 to β‚Ή5 lakh
  • For growing businesses

Tarun

  • Loan from β‚Ή5 lakh to β‚Ή10 lakh
  • For established enterprises

Tarun Plus (New Category)

  • Loan from β‚Ή10 lakh to β‚Ή20 lakh
  • For entrepreneurs who successfully repaid Tarun loan

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India Sends BCG Vaccines to Afghanistan

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Why in News?

India has sent 13 tonnes of BCG (Bacille Calmette-GuΓ©rin) vaccines along with essential materials to Afghanistan.
This initiative aims to strengthen Afghanistan’s child immunisation programme, especially in preventing tuberculosis (TB) among children.

india bcg afghanistan

Bacille Calmette-GuΓ©rin (BCG) Vaccine

  • Developed in 1921
  • Derived from: Mycobacterium bovis (attenuated strain)
  • Type: Live attenuated vaccine
  • It is the only licensed vaccine against TB

What is TB?

  • A bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Transmission

  • Spreads through airborne droplets
  • Occurs when an infected person-Coughs, Sneezes

Types of TB

Pulmonary TB
  • Affects the lungs
  • Most common and highly contagious
Extra-Pulmonary TB (EPTB)
  • Affects other organs:
    • Lymph nodes
    • Bones (Pott’s disease)
    • Kidneys
    • Brain

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