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India’s First Fast Breeder Reactor Achieves Criticality

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Why in News?

India has reached a significant milestone in its nuclear energy programme as the first indigenous Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR) at Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu, has achieved criticality. This marks a major step towards energy security and efficient utilization of nuclear fuel resources.

fast breeder reactor

What is β€˜Criticality’?

  • It indicates that the reactor is operational and ready for controlled power generation.
  • Criticality refers to the stage when a nuclear reactor sustains a self-sustaining chain reaction.

About India’s PFBR at Kalpakkam

  • Location: Kalpakkam, Tamil Nadu
  • Capacity: 500 MWe
  • Type: Prototype Fast Breeder Reactor (PFBR)
  • Developed by: BHAVINI (Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited

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World Health Day: 2026

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World Health Day is celebrated annually on 7 April to mark the anniversary of the founding of the World Health Organization (WHO) in 1948.

world health day

2026 Theme: “Together for Health. Stand with Science

This year’s campaign focuses on the power of scientific collaboration and evidence-based decision-making to protect the health of people, animals, plants, and the entire planet

History & Background

  • WHO was established on April 7, 1948
  • The first World Health Day was celebrated in 1950
  • The day highlights priority health concerns identified by WHO

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Chairs of both Houses reject notice seeking CEC’s removal

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Why in News?

Chairpersons of both Houses of Parliament rejected a notice submitted by Opposition Members of Parliament seeking the removal of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC). It sought the removal of the current Chief Election Commissioner Gyanesh Kumar

election commission of india

Constitutional Provision: Article 324(5)

  • Article 324 deals with the Election Commission of India (ECI).
  • Clause (5) ensures security of tenure for the CEC.
  • It states that:
    • The CEC can be removed only in the same manner and on the same grounds as a Supreme Court Judge.

Grounds for Removal of CEC:

The CEC can be removed only on:

  • Proven misbehaviour
  • Incapacity

These conditions ensure independence and prevent arbitrary removal.

Procedure for Removal of CEC

The process is similar to the removal of a Supreme Court Judge and follows the Judges (Inquiry) Act, 1968. The procedure is as follows

1. Initiation of Motion
  • Requires:
    • At least 100 Lok Sabha MPs, OR
    • At least 50 Rajya Sabha MPs
Admission & Investigation
  • The motion is submitted to:
    • Lok Sabha Speaker or Rajya Sabha Chairman
  • If admitted, a 3-member inquiry committee is formed:
    • A Supreme Court Judge
    • A Chief Justice of a High Court
    • A Distinguished jurist
3. Parliamentary Approval
  • If charges are proven:
    • Both Houses must pass the motion with a Special Majority:
      • Majority of total membership AND
      • Two-thirds of members present and voting
4. Final Removal
  • After Parliament passes the motion:
    • The President of India issues the final removal order.

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3 ships – Dunagiri, Sanshodhak, and Agray – handed over to Navy

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Why in News?

In a significant boost to India’s maritime strength, Garden Reach Shipbuilding and Engineers Ltd (GRSE) handed over three advanced naval platforms β€” Dunagiri, Sanshodhak, and Agray β€” to the Indian Navy.

dunagiri, sanshodhak, and agray

1. INS Dunagiri (Project 17A)

  • Type: Stealth Frigate
  • Class: Nilgiri Class
  • Project: Project 17A
  • Position: Fifth ship in the series

2. INS Agray (Arnala Class ASW SWC)

  • Type: Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft
  • Class: Arnala Class
  • Position: Fourth of eight vessels

INS Sanshodhak (Survey Vessel Large)

  • Type: Survey Vessel (Large)
  • Position: Final ship in SVL Project

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CMS COP15 Concludes in Brazil; 40 New Species Granted Protection

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, Environment and Ecology Current Affairs /

Why in News?

The 15th Conference of Parties (CMS COP15) to the Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species (CMS) concluded in Campo Grande, Brazil, with a major decision to grant protection to 40 additional migratory species.

cms cop15

About CMS (Bonn Convention)

  • Full Name: Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals
  • Also known as: Bonn Convention
  • Established under: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

Key Features:

  • An intergovernmental treaty
  • Focuses on:
    • Conservation of migratory species
    • Protection of their habitats and migration routes
  • Covers:
    • Terrestrial animals
    • Aquatic species
    • Birds (avian species)

It is the only global convention dedicated exclusively to migratory species

CMS Appendices (Important for Exams)

Appendix I

  • Includes species threatened with extinction
  • Requires:
    • Strict protection measures
    • Ban on hunting or exploitation

Appendix II

  • Includes species that:
    • Need international cooperation
  • Encourages:
    • Agreements between countries for conservation

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FOURTH SURVEY VESSEL (LARGE) β€˜SANSHODHAK’ DELIVERED TO INDIAN NAVY AT GRSE KOLKATA

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Why in News:

The Indian Navy has completed its Survey Vessel (Large) (SVL) Project with the induction of INS Sanshodhak, the fourth and final ship in the series

ins sanshodhak

What is INS Sanshodhak?

  • INS Sanshodhak is a Survey Vessel (Large)
  • It is the fourth and final ship under the SVL project
  • Designed for:
    • Hydrographic surveys
    • Mapping sea floors
    • Supporting navigation safety

Survey Vessel (Large) Project

The SVL Project consists of four ships:

  1. INS Sandhayak
  2. INS Nirdeshak
  3. INS Ikshak
  4. INS Sanshodhak (final vessel)

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INS Malwan: Indigenous ASW Craft Boosts Navy

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Why in News?

The Indian Navy has received β€˜Malwan’, the second Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft (ASW SWC), built by Cochin Shipyard Limited (CSL). This induction significantly enhances India’s coastal security and underwater surveillance capabilities.

ins malwan

What is ASW SWC β€˜Malwan’?

  • Malwan is an indigenously built Anti-Submarine Warfare Shallow Water Craft
  • Designed for:
    • Detecting and neutralizing enemy submarines
    • Operations in shallow coastal waters (littoral zones)

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Samrat Samprati Museum Inaugurated in Gandhinagar

Leave a Comment / Daily Current Affairs, History and Culture Current Affairs /

Why in News?

Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Samrat Samprati Museum at Koba Tirth in Gandhinagar, Gujarat on the occasion of Bhagwan Mahavir Jayanti. The museum highlights the legacy of Samrat Samprati, a Mauryan emperor known for promoting Jainism

samrat samprati

Who was Samrat Samprati?

  • Period: c. 224–215 BCE
  • Dynasty: Mauryan Dynasty
  • Lineage:
    • Grandson of Emperor Ashoka
    • Son of Kunala

Key Contributions

  • Promoted Jainism across India
  • Converted to Jainism by monk Suhastin
    • Disciple of Acharya Bhadrabahu
  • Known for:
    • Construction of Jain temples
    • Spreading Jain teachings
    • Commissioning lakhs of Tirthankara idols

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YUVIKA: ISRO’s Young Scientist Programme Explained

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Why in News?

The Government of India is actively promoting scientific awareness among students through initiatives like Yuva Vigyani Karyakram (YUVIKA). Highlighted by the Union Minister of State for Science & Technology, the programme plays a crucial role in inspiring school students to pursue careers in space science and STEM fields.

yuvika

What is YUVIKA?

Yuva Vigyani Karyakram (YUVIKA), also known as the Young Scientist Programme, is an educational initiative launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Key Purpose

  • To provide early exposure to space science and technology
  • To encourage students to take up careers in STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics)

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Antariksh Venture Capital Fund (AVCF): India’s First Spacetech Fund

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Why in News?

India has launched the Antariksh Venture Capital Fund (AVCF) to strengthen its growing spacetech ecosystem. This is the country’s first dedicated venture capital fund for the space sector, aimed at supporting startups

antariksh venture capital fund

What is Antariksh Venture Capital Fund (AVCF)?

The Antariksh Venture Capital Fund (AVCF) is a specialized investment fund created to provide:

  • Risk capital to spacetech startups
  • Support for early-stage and growth-stage companies
  • Funding for innovation in space technology and applications

Key Features of AVCF

1. Total Corpus
  • Target fund size: β‚Ή1,600 crore
  • Initial committed amount: β‚Ή1,005 crore (as of November 2025)
2. Anchor Investor
  • Indian National Space Promotion and Authorization Centre (IN-SPACe)
    • Committed β‚Ή1,000 crore
    • Acts as the primary institutional supporter
3. Fund Management
  • Managed by SIDBI Venture Capital Limited (SVCL)
  • SVCL is a subsidiary of:
    • Small Industries Development Bank of India (SIDBI)

Institutional Background

IN-SPACe
  • A regulatory and promotional body under the Department of Space
  • Facilitates private sector participation in space activities
SIDBI
  • Apex financial institution for MSME financing
  • Supports entrepreneurship and innovation

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